Applications manufacture

Anode Cathode Cell voltage (V) Main application Manufacturer... 

No membrane and no set of membrane properties has universal applicability. Manufacturers who service multiple applications have a variety of commercial membranes. One firm lists 20 different membranes having a broad spectrum of properties. 

The predominance of anionic and non-ionic surfactants is reflected by their sales figures for the Western Europe market, shown in Table 1.5. The major representatives of each surfactant group are discussed in terms of application, manufacturing and composition in the following sections. 

The rapid expansion of reverse osmosis technology during the past two decades has resulted in the development of a variety of new membranes. Unique polymer systems and fabrication methods have led to the production of membranes with significantly improved performance and reliability. In spite of these developments little is known about chemical sensitivity or life expectancy of reverse osmosis membranes used in desalting applications. Manufacturers are consequently reluctant to guarantee their products for long runs especially in unique chemical environments. 

Catalase (bovine liver) Partially purified liquid or powdered extracts from bovine liver. Major active principle catalase. Typical application manufacture of certain cheeses. 

Lipase, Animal Obtained from two primary sources (1) edible forestomach tissue of calves, kids, or lambs, and (2) animal pancreatic tissue. Produced as purified edible tissue preparations or as aqueous extracts. Dispersible in water insoluble in alcohol. Major active principle lipase. Typical applications manufacture of cheese modification of lipids. 

Rennet, Bovine Aqueous extracts made from the fourth stomach of bovine animals. Clear, amber to dark-brown liquid or white to tan powder. Major active principle protease (pepsin). Typical application manufacture of cheese. Similar preparations can be made from the fourth stomach of sheep or goats. 

Carbohydrase (Candida pseudotropicalis) Produced as an off-white to tan, amorphous powder or a liquid by controlled fermentation using Candida pseudotropicalis. Soluble in water (the solution is usually light yehow to dark brown) but insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principle lactase. Typical applications manufacture of candy and ice cream modification of dairy products. 

Flavored Butter. Flavored butters (garlic, onion, pepper, lemon, etc.) have been successfully mass marketed in Europe (135), but this success has not translated to the U.S. market. There exists a limited specialty market in upscale stores and delicatessens and certain food service applications. Manufacture is quite simple. Creating the desired flavor blends remains an art and skill. 

Change of applicancy, manufacturer/additional manufacturer/packaging/ additional quality control laboratory... 

The two promising candidates are adsorbent monoliths and adsorbent sheets. The fabrication of activated carbon and zeolite monoliths are reported in the literature. Zeolite monoliths have also been tested for air separation application by PSA.50 51 However, the use of monoliths for use in H2 PSA is not known to the authors. Monoliths having very high cell density (several hundred to thousand cells per square inch) will be necessary in order to have fast adsorption kinetics as well as reasonable bulk density for a PSA application. Manufacture of such monoliths is complex, and they are not yet commercially available. Gas channeling through the monoliths can also be a problem.52 Adsorbent sheets have been used for air separation by RPSA.53 54 The thickness of the adsorbent sheets and the space between the... 

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