Manifold tubular

The manifold is typically a tubular steel structure (similar to a template) which is host to a series of remotely operated valves and chokes. It is common for subsea tree control systems to be mounted on the manifold and not on the individual trees. A complex manifold will generally have its own set of dedicated subsea control modules (for controlling manifold valves and monitoring flowline sensors). 

For catalyst testing, conventional small tubular reactors are commonly employed today [2]. However, although the reactors are small, this is not the case for their environment. Large panels of complex fluidic handling manifolds, containment vessels, and extended analytical equipment encompass the tube reactors. Detection is often the bottleneck, since it is still performed in a serial fashion. To overcome this situation, there is the vision, ultimately, to develop PC-card-sized chip systems with integrated microfluidic, sensor, control, and reaction components [2]. The advantages are less space, reduced waste, and fewer utilities. 

As remarked above, we may define the unstable manifold W of the fixed point set A E for the total space of a holomorphic line bundle over E. More generally, let X be a surface containing a curve E. By identifying a tubular neighborhood of E with the total space of the normal bundle of E in X, we can define the unstable manifold W. In fact, this can be defined intrinsically as follows. Let tt X "] S "X be the Hilbert-Chow morphism. We define... 

Some ISEs containing no inner reference solution, as well as tubular potentiometric sensors, has been used in conjunction with FI systems for the determination of vitamins B, and Bg in pharmaceutical preparations. The membranes used for this purpose were prepared from the vitamin tetra(2-chlorophenyl)borate dissolved in o-nitrophenyloctyl ether and immobilized in PVC. The intrinsic behaviour of the tubular electrodes was assessed by using a low-dispersion single-channel FI manifold and compared with those of conventionally-shaped electrodes using the same membrane the results provided by both were very similar [119]. 

In the method proposed by van Staden for the determination of three halides, these are separated in a short colunm packed with a strongly basic ion-exchange resin (Dowex i-X8) that is placed in an FI manifold. A laboratory-made tubular silver/silver halide ion-selective electrode is used as a potentiometric sensor. Van Staden compared the response capabilities of the halide-selective electrodes to a wide concentration range (20-5000 pg/mL) of individual and mixed halide solutions in the presence and absence of the ion-exchange column. By careful selection of appropriate concentrations of the potassixun nitrate carrier/eluent stream to satisfy the requirements of both the ion-exchange column and the halide-selective electrode, he succeeded in separating and determining chloride, bromide and iodide in mixed halide solutions with a detection limit of 5 /xg/mL [130]. 

Figure 4.17 — (A) Exploded view of a tubular flow-cell integrated microconduit system. I Ag/AgCl inner reference electrode M sensitive membrane S internal reference solution. (B) Detail of the integrated microconduit shown within the dotted lines in C. (C) Integrated-microconduit FI manifold for potentiometric measurements C carrier stream R reference electrode solution P pump V injection valve I indicator electrode R reference electrode I pulse inhibitor G ground W waste. (Reproduced from [140] with permission of Pergamon Press).

Fig. 5.1 Commonly used SOFC designs (Celik, 2006). (a) Tubular SOFC, (b) 24 cell tubular SOFC stack, (c) a tubular SOFC module with 48 stacks, (d) 28 cell internally manifolded stack design by Versa Power Systems.

The first tubular membranes were between 2 and 3 cm in diameter, but more recently, as many as five to seven smaller tubes, each 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter, are nested inside a single, larger tube. In a typical tubular membrane system a large number of tubes are manifolded in series. The permeate is removed from each tube and sent to a permeate collection header. A drawing of a 30-tube system is shown in Figure 3.41. The feed solution is pumped through all 30 tubes connected in series. 

Figure 3.41 Exploded view of a tubular ultrafiltration system in which 30 tubes are connected in series. Permeate from each tube is collected in the permeate manifold...

Figure 12.29 presents the geometrical features of the coat-hanger die, on which the design equation will be developed. The manifold is a tubular, variable radius channel of curved axis /. The slit opening H is constant. The only geometric restriction is that the manifold be of a small curvature, so that the lubrication approximation can be applied in the manifold region. Also, for the same reason, dR(x)/dx [Pg.706]

Fig. 12.42 Schematic representation of tubular dies, (a) Side-fed manifold die. (b) Blown-film die.

Figure 1. The MHHP modular sorber diagram 1 - tubular case of the hydride module 2 -corrugated heat-conducting insert 3 - hydrogen ceramic collector-filter 4 - metal hydride 5 - tip of a metal hydride bed 6 - hydrogen manifold 7 - spacer plate 8 - heat exchanger shroud 9 - union 10 - flange-cover of a heat exchanger. Heat exchanger thermal insulation is not shown conditionally.

Hydrogen freed in the electrolyzer is sucked off by a liquid-piston type rotary blower and led under slight overpressure of 10 to 15 mm water column through an iron manifold to tubular water coolers, in which the temperature will drop from some 70—75 °C to 25 °0. From the cooler, the gas passes either directly... 

Coextrusion can be performed with flat, tubular, and different shaped dies. The simplest application is to nest mandrels and support them with spiders or supply the plastic through circular manifolds and/or multiple ports. Up to 8-layer spiral mandrel blown film dies have been built that require eight separate spiral flow passages with the attendant problem of structural rigidity, interlayer temperature control, gauge control, and cleaning. Many techniques are available for coextrusion, some of them patented and available under license (Chapter 5). 

Start spirals (Fig. I la). The spirals are stacked one on the other, with the inlet and outlet ends of the tubes being secured in tubular headers positioned perpendicular to the plane of the spiral (Fig. 1 lb). This constructional arrangement enables the apparatus volume to be filled to a maximum with tubes. The spirals was compressed by two crosses (Fig. 1 Ic) to prevent vibration of the spirals, which can damage its soldered junctions to manifolds. The blocks of spirals were mounted within the reactor shell and were joined in parallel to diminish hydraulic resistance to flow inside the tubes. A stainless steel reactor with 200 spirals with a total tubes length of 400 m was used for laboratory experiments on liquid phase hydrogenation [10]. 

Analytical System. The manifold schematic is illustrated in Fig. 2. An unmeasured aliquot is transferred to the sample cups. Samples are aspirated at a rate of 60 specimens/hour and added to an air-segmented stream of molybdic acid reagent followed by mixing. The stannous chloride reagent is then added to the reaction mixture. After mixing and a 3-4-minute time delay, the absorbance is measured at 660 mp., using a tubular flow cell with a 15-mm light path. 

The use of a tubular membrane is very attractive due to its malleability and flexibility and the ease with which it can be directly incorporated in the flow manifold. The membrane is generally housed inside conventional tubing (made of plastic or metal), establishing a concentric geometry [263,264]. The donor and acceptor streams flow on either side of the tubular membrane (Fig. 8.21, lower). Analyte diffusion takes place in... 

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