Manduca sexta function

Manduca sexta. The brief review presented here focuses on the functional organization and physiology of a sexually dimorphic olfactory subsystem in this species [also reviewed elsewhere (19, 23, 40-42)]. 

Hansson B. S., Christensen T. A. and Hildebrand J. G. (1991). Functionally distinct subdivisions of the macroglomerular complex in the antennal lobe of the male sphinx moth Manduca sexta. J. Comp. Neurol. 312, 264—278. 

Recently, a putative olfactory receptor from Drosophila, Or43a (Clyne et al., 1999 Vosshall et al., 1999), has been expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Wetzel et al., 2001). The receptor expressed in a heterologous cell system was activated by four odorants, i.e. cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol (Wetzel et al., 2001). These experiments not only provided direct evidence for the function of the Or gene, but also demonstrated that the olfactory receptor can be stimulated without an odorant-binding protein. It was demonstrated earlier that PBP was not necessary to obtain pheromone-dependent responses in cultured olfactory receptor neurons of Manduca sexta (Stengl et al., 1992). The possibility that OBPs have been produced in vitro and were present in cultured ORNs could not be excluded. The same argument can not be raised for the heterologous expression of the Drosophila olfactory receptor. While the evidence that Xenopus oocytes responded to odorants in the absence of OBPs does not support the OBP-odorant complex model, it also demonstrated that OBPs are essential for the kinetics of the olfactory system (see below). 

In foliage, the concentrations of serine proteinase inhibitors are lower than that in seeds however, the induction of serine proteinase inhibitors has been reported in many plants including tobacco and tomato, and the inhibitors have been proven to function as a plant defense system.79-81 Leaf damage by the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta was much bigger in tomato plant line deficient in proteinase inhibitor induction than in those that can induce proteinase inhibitor on herbivory.82... 

In contrast to the orthopterans, PDH-IR cells are distributed widely in the optic lobes, brain, and subesophageal ganglion of Manduca sexta (59). This differential distribution may reflect a diversity of functions which remains to be explored. 

Pratt et al. (20) have isolated and sequenced allatostatin 1 from the brain of adult female p. punctata using isolation procedures different from ours and also indicated that other allatostatins remain to be identified. With yet other methods Khan, Guan and Tobe (unpublished) also isolated and sequenced allatostatin 4 from extract of Q. punctata adult brain. It will now be important to determine whether these peptides occur and act as allatostatins in other groups of insects. The corpora allata of . americana are also inhibited by allatostatin 1 (16). Since P. americana is not closely related to D. punctata (21), it is likely that these allatostatins will be functional in other species of cockroaches. A cerebral allatostatic factor from last instar larval Manduca sexta inhibits JH I synthesis by CA 1b vitro (22). This factor is characterized as a protein of much higher... 

Boer de, G., Dethier, V. G. and Schoonhoven, L. M. (1977) Chemoreceptors in the preoral cavity of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and their possible function in feeding behaviour. Ent. exp. appl., 21, 287-98. 

Isol. from developing embryos of the tobacco hornworm moth Manduca sexta. Part of the juvenile hormone complex essential to the devolopment of insects. Oil. [ot] +13.8° (c, 0.92 in MeOH). 1.4752. The nat. hormone is known to be (E,E) but the abs. config. of the epoxide function is currently unknown. The synthetic prod, was (10/ , 115) as shown. 

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