Tobacco hornworm moth

Human Chimpanzee Sheep Rattlesnake Carp Garden snail Tobacco hornworm moth Baker s yeast (iso-1) Cauliflower... 

Morgan, A. and Lyon, S. (1928). Notes on armyl salicylate as an attractant to the tobacco hornworm moth. Journal of Economic Entomology 21 189-191. 

Fang N., Teal R E. A. and Tumlinson J. H. (1995) PBAN regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in female tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta (L.). Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 29, 35 -4. 

There emerges a very complex picture of three hormones synthesized and secreted at variable rates, competing for carrier binding proteins, presumed receptor proteins, epoxide hydratase and carboxyl esterase enzymes (35,36). It is possible experimentally to measure tEe timing of critical periods for larval determination and to measure total levels of JH at these critical periods although both measurements involve extreme difficulty. Approaches to this were described recently by G.B. Staal (3 7) using third instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta, which were allatectomized and raised on JH impregnated diets as an experimentally reproducible method of JH therapy. 

In 1985 Prestwich and Wawrzdnczyk synthesized the enantiomers of JH I (95% ee), and bioassayed their binding affinity to the JH binding protein of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta.22 The natural (+)-JH I showed only twice the relative binding affinity as that of (—)-JH I. Despite the previous conclusion of Loew and Johnson, it was generally believed that (—)-JH I was bioactive to some extent. 

Isol. from developing embryos of the tobacco hornworm moth Manduca sexta. Part of the juvenile hormone complex essential to the devolopment of insects. Oil. [ot] +13.8° (c, 0.92 in MeOH). 1.4752. The nat. hormone is known to be (E,E) but the abs. config. of the epoxide function is currently unknown. The synthetic prod, was (10/ , 115) as shown. 

Analyses of solvent rinses of the pheromone glands from calling female tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta (L.) revealed the presence of the following compounds 9 -16 AL, 11Z-16 AL, 11E-16 AL, 16 AL, 10E,12Z-16 AL, 10E,12E-16 AL, lOE,12E,14Z-16 AL, lOE,12E,14E-16 AL, 11Z-18 AL, 13Z-18 AL 18 AL and IIZ,13Z-18 AL. The two trienals (which are new compounds) were identified by mass and PMR spectral analyses and by ozonolysis. Three isomeric conjugated triene aldehydes, 10E,12 ,14Z-16 AL, 10E,12Z,14E-16 AL and 10E,12E,14E-16 AL, two of which are components of the sex pheromone, were stereoselectively synthesized. In a wind tunnel, male tobacco hornworm moths exhibited the same behaviors in response to a blend of all the synthesized components, the gland rinse, or a calling female. Both 10E,12Z-16 AL and lOE,12E,14Z-16 AL are required to stimulate males to complete the characteristic reproductive behaviors. 

The tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L.), (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) occurs over the greater part of the United States, the West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America. 

Little is known of canaline toxicity in whole animals or plants. Canaline-fed tobacco hornworm larvae grew poorly, exhibited much more deformity, and succumbed in larger numbers than the controls (8). This ornithine analogue is neurotoxic to the adult moth where it induces almost continuous motor activity. 

Phvtoluvenolds. Wigglesworth (JL) demonstrated that a hormone secreted by the insect corpora allata was responsible for the control of differentiation in immature insects and reproduction in adult female insects. Williams (3) prepared an active extract of this hormone from adult male cecropia moths and called it "juvenile hormone". We were able to derive sufficient knowledge of the chemistry of the juvenile hormone from the study of the active cecropia extract to synthesize JH III Q). Seven years later its presence as a natural hormone in the tobacco hornworm was confirmed Ci). Three other analogous juvenile hormones (JH 0, I, II) have been found to occur only in lepidoptera (5, ., 2.) (Figure 1). Juvenile hormone III is the principal juvenile hormone of insects and has been demonstrated in all of the insect taxa investigated. 

Sterols. A considerable amount of work was devoted to the study of backbone rearrangements. - While partial syntheses of an insect moulting hormone, ecdysone, were announced by several groups, evidence is accumulating on the widespread occurrence in natxire of its hydroxylated derivatives. This year saw the isolation of 20-hydroxy-ecdysone - - from silkworm (ecdysterone), crayfish - (crustecdysone), oak-silk moth, tobacco hornworm, and from plants such as Podocarpus nakaii, Podocarpus elatus, and Achyranthis. The ready isolation of insect-moulting hormones from plants in contrast to -the extremely poor... 

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