Moths flour

Bell, C.H. and Savvidou, N. 1999. The toxicity of Vikane (sulfuryl flouride) to age groups of eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehnielld). J. Stored Prod. Res. 35, 233-247. 

Other changes are due to the presence of mites and of the larvae of insects, especially those of the yellow mead-worm (Tenebrio molitor) and the Mediterranean flour-moth (Ephestia Kuhniella). Larvae of insects are detectable by the naked eye. Mites may eaisily be observed by pressing a spoonful of flour on a sheet of paper with a transparent sheet of glass any mites present soon begin to move and render the surface of the flour in contact with the glass streaked with numerous irregular furrows. 

Trematerra, P. (1994) The use of sex pheromones to control Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Mediterranean flour moth) in flour mills by mass trapping and attracticide (lure and kill) methods. In Stored Product Protection. Proceedings of the 6th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Canberra, Australia, Ilighley, E., Wright, E.J., Banks, H.J. and Champ, B.R. (eds), pp. 375-382. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 

Corbet, S.A. Mandibular Gland Secretion of the Larvae of the Flour Moth Ana-gasta kuhniella Contains an Epideitic Pheromone and Elicits Movement in Hymen-opteran Parasite. Nature 232, 481-484 (1971). 

Corbet, S. A. (1971) Mandibular gland secretion of larvae of the flour moth. Anagasta kuehniella, contains an epideictic pheromone and elicits oviposition movement in a hymenopteran parasite. Nature, 232, 481. 

Ekapterin, a pterin which has been isolated from the flour moth, Ephestia kuhniella, has been identified as xanthopterin-7-lactic acid and can be sjm-thesized by reduction of erythropterin followed by air-oxidation of the reduced product, 7,8-dihydroxyxanthopterin-7-lactic acid o . 

The UV spectrum, with maxima at 270 (more intense) and 232 (less intense) nm, strongly resembled that for 2-acetylcyclohexane-l,3>dione (2) and suggests a 1,3,3 -tritetone structure for the major component A literature search for compounds containing this stmctural feature yielded an investigation by Mudd (Q of compounds isolated tom larvae of the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). 

Although the discovery of the requirement for EFA as a dietary constituent was first made on the rat, and considerable information has been obtained by the study of this species, the necessity of these acids has been found to be very widespread. Fraenkel and Blewett (1946) demonstrated that the EFA are required by certain insects, such as the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kUhniella), the tobacco moth (E. eiUdla), the fig moth (E. cautella), and the Indian-meal moth Phdia interpunctella (Lep.)). 

Fig. 1. SEM picture of natural moth-eye structures (flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella). Fraunhofer ISE.

Fig. 3. Image of a flat-panel display with standard anti-glare surface (left side) and combined moth-eye anti-reflective and anti-glare (MARAG ) surface (right side). On the flat-panel display, the head of a flour moth (SEM image) is shown. MacDermid Autotype.

Biochemical Mutants. Mutants with such anomalies were first found and studied (A. Kiihn, A. Butenandt) among insects (e.g. the flour moth Ephestia and the fruit fly Drosophila). Later, biochemical mutants were generated (Beadle) from the easily grown bread mold Neurospora crassa. 

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