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Malnutrition countries

Poor sanitation, poor personal hygiene, inadequate water supply, malnutrition, and increased population density are associated with increased risk of Shigella gastroenteritis epidemics, even in developed countries. The majority of cases are thought to result from fecal-oral transmission. [Pg.444]

Orr, E., "The Use of Protein-rich Foods for the Relief of Malnutrition in Developing Countries An Analysis of Experience" Tropical Products Institute Monograph G 73, 1972 Aug. [Pg.48]

The obvious symptom of starvation is a loss of weight, which is most easily assessed by a decrease in the body mass index (BMI). Indeed, it is an excellent predictor of death from starvation. A value of BMI below about 13 in men and about 12 in women is not compatible with life. These values coincide with a loss of about 50% of lean body mass. The major causes of death from malnutrition in developed countries are pneumonia, other infections or heart failure. [Pg.357]

Even when a disease has been effectively treated in a conntry, retention of the disease in small isolated pockets can act as a source for future infection. This can readily occnr when movement of even a small nnmber of infected people into a population in which the immnne system is impaired can lead to the spread of this new disease to areas that were previously free of it. Chronic illness due to malnutrition can weaken the immune system which then facilitates the spread of an infection. This is a particular problem if malnutrition is accompanied by a chronic illness. Althongh malnutrition and accompanying diseases are associated with developing countries, the phenomenon also occurs in developed countries, for example, in the very poor, the homeless, drug abusers and the elderly. It is now considered to be a major factor in the increased incidence of tuberculosis in these gronps. [Pg.411]

In countries where food Is In short supply or the diet is inadequate, protein-calorie malnutrition can take two extreme forms, kwashiorkor and marasmus. [Pg.53]

In severe malnutrition where circulating protein concentrations are very low, in uraemia and in pregnancy, the distribution of the drug (e.g., anticonvulsants) between bound and free forms may alter, and when monitoring treatment it may be necessary to get the laboratory to measure free concentrations of the drug. However this can only be done in specialised centres, even in developed countries, and is not usually available elsewhere. [Pg.129]

Where patients are at risk of Wernicke s encephalopathy - for example, because of chronic alcohol abuse, hyperemesis gravidarum, or malnutrition - they should be given thiamine. In many countries no intravenous preparation of thiamine alone is available, and the compound preparations that are available are prone to cause anaphylactoid reactions, so they should be given by slow infusion, and with adequate facilities for resuscitation. A high potency preparation (Pabrinex ) that contains thiamine 250 mg in 10 ml with ascorbic acid, nicotinamide, pyridoxine and riboflavin, can be given by intravenous infusion over 10 min. [Pg.510]

In developed countries, protein-calorie malnutrition is seen most frequently in hospital patients with chronic illness, or in individuals who suffer from major trauma, severe infection, or the effects of major... [Pg.366]

In the food area, protein supplies are emphasized more frequently and are mostly studied for the nutritional properties. It should be pointed out, in the strongest terms, that protein foods are rarely used as crude powders or in their native forms. They are ingested most frequently as part of a complex food system where their functionality, rather than their nutrition, is the property most obvious to the consumer. In fact, many projects to alleviate protein malnutrition in less-developed countries have floundered because the introduced food forms did not fit the accepted pattern (i.e., the functionality) of the foods normally used in the region. Therefore, it is now commonly recognized, for improved nutritional standards, that any new food introduced into a population must, of necessity, be considered for its functional properties. Improving these properties will be a major factor in the successful adoption of the new food by the people in the area. Understanding the relation between protein structure and functionality is an important step in accomplishing these tasks. [Pg.251]

Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition associated with insufficient protein intake, usually affecting children aged 1-4 years, although it can also occur in older children and adults. It is likely caused by a combination of factors (protein deficiency, energy and micronutrient deficiency). The absence of lysine in low-grade cereal proteins (used as a dietary mainstay in many underdeveloped countries) can lead to kwashiorkor. [Pg.81]

Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed and developing countries. The global incidence of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in the year 2000 alone, 2.1 million people died from diarrheal diseases. A great proportion of these cases can he attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. Additionally, diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. [Pg.189]

It is important to note, however, that in poorer countries it is more common to experience a slow or progressive disaster event. (See Nur [1999] for further discussion in relation to progressive disasters in Africa.) This is where a disaster occurs over a period of months or years but can have the same devastating consequences as a sudden disaster. In addition, slow disasters often occur in countries that have endemic problems such as malnutrition and disease. Africa is an excellent example of this. As 23.5% of the population of Africa suffers from chronic hunger (Nur, 1999), they are at high risk of malnutrition and disease if a disaster... [Pg.573]

There is also a big gap between real and perceived risk. In Europe and the United States the public is mainly concerned about residues and food safety. With proper precautions, however, this is not a real problem, as residues in food are low and do not contribute significantly to our total intake of chemicals. Actually, there are no cases confirmed in which residues of modem pesticides in food were the cause of poisoning of humans. As there is a large overproduction of agricultural commodities in western countries, people worry about minor risks, like pesticide residues, as they do not have to worry about supply of food in principle. The picture is strikingly different in other parts of the world, where food production does not match the growth of the population and where malnutrition and famine are well known. [Pg.421]

The leading cause of death in children in developing countries is protein-energy malnutrition. This type of malnutrition is the result of inadequate intake of calories from proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Children who are already undernourished can suffer from protein-energy... [Pg.210]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.419 ]




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Countries

Malnutrition

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