Maleic anhydride methylvinyl ether

In 1994, Ryu et al. [85] immobilized EFE to polyurethane using maleic anhydride methylvinyl ether copolymer (MAMEC) as an enzyme carrier. The EFE-immobilized polyurethane surface was highly antithrombogenic and had potential for reducing surface induced thrombus. 

MAMEC = Maleic anhydride methylvinyl ether copolymer... 

Monomer syntheses and their industrial polymerization and copolymerization were initiated in the thirties by IG Farbenindustrie, now BASF, and this company is still the main producer. Other companies, as GAF Corporation and Union Carbide in the United States or ICI in the United Kingdom came on the market at a later time. Actually BASF is the only producer of homopolymers, whereas copolymers are manufactured by BASF and GAF Co. We shall not consider here the synthesis of the industrial copolymers of methylvinyl ether and maleic anhydride (Gantrez-GAF, Sokalan-BASF), of isobutylvinyl ether and vinyl chloride (Laroflex MP 15-60, BASF), and of isobutylvinyl ether and acrylic monomers (Acro-nal, BASF) as they are produced by radical copolymerization. 

Table II Molecular weights of selected commercially available copolymers of poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride)...

In the solid state, poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymers are a white to off-white free flowing, odorless, hygroscopic powders. In solution, poIy(methyIvinyI ether/ maleic anhydride) is a slightly hazy, odorless, viscous liquid. 

Poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymers and derivatives are used in denture adhesive bases, controlled-release coatings, enteric coatings, ostomy adhesives, trans-dermal patches, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and trans-dermal gels. Gantrez AN-119 has been used to manufacture... 

Table I Chemical name and CAS registry number for poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymers and derivatives.

Poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) Gantrez AN-1 19 [9011-16-9]... 

Poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) and related free acids are hygroscopic powders and therefore excessive exposure to moisture should be avoided. Aqueous solutions exhibit decreases in viscosity upon exposure to UV light. Polyfmethyl-vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) should be stored in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight. 

Poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) and copolymers are manufactured from methylvinyl ether and maleic anhydride. The 5, ES, and MS grades of Gantrez are manufactured by dispersing AN copolymers in a number of different solvents or salt solutions. ... 

Poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride) and copolymers are widely used in a diverse range of topical and oral pharmaceutical formulations. These copolymers are generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant. Moreover, the dry powders and aqueous solutions are nonirritating with the exception of ES, MS, and A grades, which are irritating to the eye and may cause tissue damage. 

Polymethyltetradecylsiloxane. See Polytetradecylmethylsiloxane Poly (methylvinyl ether). See Polyvinyl methyl ether Poly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) Poly(methyl vinyl ether/ maleic anhydride). See PVM/MA copolymer... 

The 1-1 copolymer of maleic anhydride and methylvinyl ether were commercial products and were used without fractionnation. The copolymers of maleic anhydride and decyl (or) hexadecyl vinyl ether were obtained by radical polymerization. For hydrolysis of the polymers with a long alkyl side chain, heat treatment was necessary (60 C for several days in pure water). This resulted however in a reduction of average DP and probably in an enlargement of the initial distribution. Therefore, after hydrolysis, the polymer sample was fractionated with 2 1 acetonerbenzene as solvent and methanol as precipitant. 

Different stimuli could trigger the transition of the smart polymer making it possible to produce membranes whose permeabihties respond to these stimuh. When a copolymer of NIPAAM with triphenylmethane leucocianide was grafted to the membrane, it acquired photosensitivity—uv irradiation increases permeation through the membrane (78). Fully reversible, pH-switchable permselectivity for both cationic and anionic redox-active probe molecules was achieved by depositing composite films formed from multilayers of amine-terminated dendrimers and poly(maleic anhydride-co-methylvinyl ether) on gold-coated silicon (79). 

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