Male sex

Grandisol, with a four-membered ring, is another insect hormone, the male sex hormone of the boll weevil to be precise. It may also be useful as a highly specific pest control. How might it be made ... 

Testosterone, the principal male sex steroid hormone, is synthesized in five steps from cholesterol, as shown below. In the last step, five isozymes catalyze the 17/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactions that interconvert 4-androstenedione and testosterone. Defects in the synthesis or action of testosterone can impair the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and cause the disorders of human sexuality termed male pseudohermaphroditism. Specifically, mutations in isozyme 3 of the 17/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the fetal testis impair the for-... 

FIGURE 25.43 The steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, with intermediate formation of pregnenolone and progesterone. Testosterone, the principal male sex hormone steroid, is a precursor to /3-estradiol. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, and aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, are also derived from progesterone. 

The metabolic rate is increased by several hormones including thyi oid hormone, adrenalin and male sex hormones. The increase in metabolic rate caused by male sex hormones explains why males have slightly higher average metabolic rates than females of the same size and age. Living in a cold climate increases the metabolic rate because the cold stimulates thyroid hormone production and this hormone increases heat output of the body, while living in a warm climate causes the metabolic rate to decrease. 

The male sex hormone testosterone contains C, H, and O and has a mass of 288.2089 amu as determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. What is the likely molecular formula of testosterone ... 

Sex Hormones Testosterone and androsterone are the two most important male sex hormones, or androgens. Androgens are responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty and for promoting tissue and muscle growth. Both are synthesized in the testes from cholesterol. Androstenedione is another minor hormone that has received particular attention because of its use by prominent athletes. 

Androgens, represented by testosterone, are male sex hormones involved in reproduction, behavior, and bone and muscle growth. 

The chemical formula of a compound represents its composition in terms of chemical symbols. Subscripts show the numbers of atoms of each element present in the smallest unit that is representative of the compound. For molecular compounds, it is common to give the molecular formula, a chemical formula that shows how many atoms of each type of element are present in a single molecule of the compound. For instance, the molecular formula for water is H20 each molecule contains one O atom and two H atoms. The molecular formula for estrone, a female sex hormone, is Clgl-I2202, showing that a single molecule of estrone consists of 18 C atoms, 22 FI atoms, and 2 O atoms. A molecule of a male sex hormone, testosterone, differs by only a few atoms its molecular formula is (lyH2802. Think of the consequences of that tiny difference ... 

The effects of EDCs on behavior in fish have been more extensively studied than in birds. Examples of the effects of EDCs seen in fish include profound alterations in courtship behavior in male guppies (Poecilia reticulate) exposed to vinclozolin and DDE, including at environmentally relevant concentrations (Baatrup and Junge 2001) and altered courtship behavior in three-spined stickleback exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of EE2 (Bell 2001). In the stickleback studies, exposed males became less aggressive and had a reduced nesting activity, and this was linked with reduced concentrations of the male sex androgen 11-ketotestosterone. Recently,... 

In addition, it has been suggested that short-term exposure to phytoestrogens during adulthood does not affect male sex hormone concentrations or semen quality (Mitchell et al, 2001). 

O Connell R.J. and Meredith (1984). Effects of volatile and non-volatile chemical signals on male sex behaviors mediated by the main and accessory olfactory systems. Behav Neurosci 98, 1083-1093. 

Rasmussen L.E.L., Lee T.D., Daves G. and Schmidt M.J. (1993). Female-to-male sex-pheromones of low volatility in the Asian Elephant, Elephas maximus. J Chem Ecol 19, 2115-2128. 

Anabolic steroids Corticosteroids Male sex hormones Female sex hormones Oral fertility agents... 

A second example can be found in the metabolism of the male sex steroid hormone testosterone. In addition to 7a -hydroxy- and 6a-hydroxytestosterone, CYP2A1 was also found to form A6-testosterone (136) (Fig. 4.69). Using selectively deuterated analogs (136), A6-testosterone was established as being formed in competition with 6o -hydroxytestosterone after initial hydrogen atom abstraction from C6 to form the common radical intermediate. Little, if any, A6-testosterone was found to be formed in competition with la-hydroxytestosterone after initial hydrogen abstraction from Cl. 

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