Maintenance, principles safety

Because the configuration of equipment and associated items covered in this chapter may vary significantly among vendors, the plant layout designer should study the principles outlined and adjust each layout accordingly. Consideration for maintenance, operation, safety, and economics, as well as the use of common. sen.se, re.sulw in an effective overall furnace de.sign. 

Process safety management is based on the principle that appropriate management systems are needed in every area that has an impact on operational safety, from design through operation and maintenance to decommissioning. This same principle can be applied to other asp>ects of safety, health, and environmental control. 

The computerized systems, both hardware and software, that form part of the GLP study should comply with the requirements of the principles of GLP. This relates to the development, validation, operation and maintenance of the system. Validation means that tests have been carried out to demonstrate that the system is fit for its intended purpose. Like any other validation, this will be the use of objective evidence to confirm that the pre-set requirements for the system have been met. There will be a number of different types of computer system, ranging from personal computers and programmable analytical instruments to a laboratory information management system (LIMS). The extent of validation depends on the impact the system has on product quality, safety and record integrity. A risk-based approach can be used to assess the extent of validation required, focusing effort on critical areas. A computerized analytical system in a QC laboratory requires full validation (equipment qualification) with clear boundaries set on its range of operation because this has a high... 

In an ideal world, an easy-to-contact, responsive modifications man would be available for questions generated in Operations, Engineering, and Maintenance. This modifications man could be a Process Safety Engineer, Loss Prevention Engineer, or a mechanical or chemical engineer who has been trained in chemical process safety. Preferably, this individual would be an on-site plant employee, but he could be a company regional engineer, a property insurance consultant, or a contractor. The modifications man must understand basic loss-prevention principles of proper layout. 

Also establishment and maintenance of adequate measures to protect individuals and the environment from any potential hazards, compliance with relevant laws and regulations, and with ethical principles are important as well as provision of relevant and adequate education and training for all personnel, to promote high-quality work and safety when manipulating in vitro test systems. 

Additional system safety requirements and constraints, including those on operations and maintenance or upgrades will be used in the design of the safety control structure at the organizational and social system levels above the physical system. There is no one correct safety control structure what is practical and effective will depend greatly on cultural and other factors. Some general principles that apply to all safety control structures are described in chapter 13. These principles need to be combined with specific system safety requirements and constraints for the particular system involved to design the control structure. 

The introduction of behaviour-based safety (BBS) in some of its manifestations threatens to disturb that balance in the same direction by laying the responsibility for accidents too one-sidedly on the workforce. That is an issue of implementation, because BBS is in principle just as applicable to the behaviour of managers as to that of the shop floor workers and could be extended from occupational safety to cover process safety, which would focus on design as well as operations and maintenance. Hopkins (2012) recommends just such an extension in his book on the Deepwater Horizon accident. 

Since the SMS is management driven, these basic safety management principles are vital for the implementation and maintenance of the system, without which safety culture change would be almost impossible. 

Optimized preventive maintenance programmes can contribute to ensuring both safe and competitive NPPs. Reliability centered maintenance provides an optimization of preventive maintenance. The principles underlying reliability centred maintenance include preventing failures where the repercussions for the plant could be serious in terms of safety or economics. The methodology involves evaluation of the functional consequences of failure, analyses of experience feedback, and optimization of preventive maintenance tasks. Electricite de France (EdF) has implemented preventive maintenance programmes based on a reliability centred maintenance methodology at EdF nuclear plants, and results have shown benefits in safety, performance and cost. 

To ensure safest possible operation and to get best overall eeonomie performance of its Nuclear Power Plants, 10 years ago Electricite de Fiance launched a Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) project to optimize the preventive maintenance programs. The principles underlying the RCM approach are based on common sense failures must be prevented by preventive maintenance operations in all cases when the repercussions for the installation could be serious or critical in term of safety, availability or maintenance costs. The approach is a 3-phases process ... 

The principles underlying the RCM approach are based on common sense failures must be prevented by preventive maintenance operations in all cases when the repercussions for the installation could be serious or critical in term of safety, availability or maintenance costs. 

Dose reduction, which is also a safety concern, means low activity inventory in the systems, proper possibilities for system cleaning before maintenance, proper system arrangement in the layout, adequate shielding, and reduction of the amount of maintenance work. The ALARA principle As Low As Reasonable Achievable is a sound balance of all these aspects. 

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