Main problems with current

The main problems with current dressings are odor control, medication release, adhesion and pain, and ease of use. As previously stated, alginates have problems with dry wounds as the healing rate depends on gel formation from a reaction... 

In addition, EC-ALE offers a way of better understanding compound electrodeposition, a way of breaking it down into its component pieces. It allows compound electrodeposition to be deconvolved into a series of individually controllable steps, resulting in an opportunity to learn more about the mechanisms, and gain a series of new control points for electrodeposition. The main problem with codeposition is that the only control points are the solution composition and the deposition potential, or current density, in most cases. In an EC-ALE process, each reactant has its own solution and deposition potential, and there are generally rinse solutions as well. Each solution can be separately optimized, so that the pH, electrolyte, and additives or complexing agents are tailored to fit the precursor. On the other hand, the solution used in codeposition is a compromise, required to be compatible with all reactants. 

One of the main problems with the pipeline is that it cannot be shortened quickly, because it affects not only bachelor students and Ph.D. graduate students but junior and senior high school students. In effect the pipeline is about 18 years long. We could shorten that by perhaps a year or two with extensive finetuning, but we cannot shorten it significantly. The demand—currently about 200 faculty positions open each year because of retirements alone—is pretty well established. 

Finally, a new concern has focused the attention of many researchers— water consumption. The main problem with water consumption is that, in general, the cost is low and thus the economic evaluation does not provide water consumption minimization apart from the sequential approach consisting of the development of water networks for the treatment and reuse of water after process design [24]. Currently, a simultaneous process design with heat and water integration is being developed based on the targeting methods [25]. 

Car and truck owners have relied on the lead-acid battery for over a century to provide the large burst of current needed to start the engine—and to do it in hot and cold weather for years. The main problems with the lead-acid battery are loss of capacity due to corrosion of the positive (Pb) grid, detachment of the active material due to normal mechanical bumping, and formation of large PbS04 crystals that hinder recharging. 

The main problem with electrodes coated with membranes is the higher resistance to the diffusion of the chemical species and the slower electron transfer mechanism. Chemical species that are blocked by the membrane cannot be detected. Species that decrease their diffusion can be oxidized or reduced but they show lower electrochemical currents and, for irreversible processes, a shifted peak potential, as expected from classical theory of electrochemical mechanism. 

We have already noted that activity in the area of alkaline fuel cells is currently rather low. The main problem with AFCs for terrestrial applications is the problem of carbon... 

The non destructive department of Laborelec is mainly involved with problems concerning nuclear, thermal and combined cycle power stations. Our inspections are based on eddy current and ultrasonic testing. 

Protection currents of a few amperes are needed for the cathodic protection of assemblies of storage tanks or refuelling stations. In this case, electrical contact with grounded installations is the main problem. For cathodic protection, these contacts must be located and electrically separated. If this is not possible, then local cathodic protection should be installed (see Chapter 12). 

II. Ease of electrical connection Here the main problem is that of efficient electrical current collection, ideally with only two electrical leads entering the reactor and without an excessive number of interconnects, as in fuel cells. This is because the competitor of an electrochemically promoted chemical reactor is not a fuel cell but a classical chemical reactor. The main breakthrough here is the recent discovery of bipolar or wireless NEMCA,8 11 i.e. electrochemical promotion induced on catalyst films deposited on a solid electrolyte but not directly connected to an electronic conductor (wire). 

The main problem has been a methodological one. The patch clamp analysis of single channels views the world of channels through a very small analytical window [10]. A single channel event (opening) needs to be sufficiently long-lived and sufficiently large to be picked up within the current noise band under optimized conditions, and with the low-pass filter set to say 2 kHz. The open time needs to be close to a millisecond and the current amplitude close to 0.5 pA to permit detection. 

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