Magnetic confinement fusion

Forth. It.P. "Magnetic Confinement Fusion." -Silence. 1522 (September 28. I990i. Graham. D. "Quesi for Fusion." Technolinty Review fSHTi. 14 (July 1992). 

The peculiarities of plasma flow in the edge region of magnetic confinement fusion machines result from the strong stiffness of the equations (very different timescales within one problem), the inherently (at least) two-dimensional nature of the flow (on multiple connected domains), the extreme anisotropy (by a factor 106) in the flow, the strongly nonlinear dependence of the transport coefficients on the flow parameters, the large number of species (equations) to be considered simultaneously, and the nonlocal nature... 

There are several approaches to the problem of nuclear fusion. The most promising is definitely magnetic confinement fusion. In the course of the last 50 years research on magnetically confined plasmas has brought magnetic confinement fusion to the threshold of net power production and has revealed much of the physics underlying the complex behaviour of hot plasmas immersed in a magnetic field. 

According to Campbell (1998), three principal conclusions can be drawn about the present status of magnetic confinement fusion. Firstly, there is now substantial, though... 

Campbell, D., Magnetic confinement fusion. Europhysics News, November/December 1998, p. 196. 

Davidson, D. C. and 7 ottiers, "Soviet Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research", Science Applications International Corporation, October 1987... 

There are a number researchers working to produce or promote magnetically confined fusion reactors. 

The measurement of extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV) emitted from magnetically confined fusion plasmas deals principally with the study of line emissions from highly ionized inpurities in the hot plasma ( 1 ). The 500-1600 A spectral range includes the major An = 0 transitions of common intrinsic low-Z impurities such as carbon and oxygen, while the 100-500 A range contains the principal lines from highly ionized metals such as Fe, Ti, and Ni. In a hot plasma with central electron... 

Edge Plasmas in Magnetically Confined Fusion Devices. 2786... 

Interest in the peaceful uses of inertial confinement fusion emerged later than that in magnetic confinement fusion, because until powerful laser or ion beams were developed and became available to civil researchers in the late 1960s, only an A-bomb s explosion could serve as a driver. 

This section deals with plasma-wall-interaction (PWI) processes in magnetically confined fusion (MCF) devices only. In inertial confinement fusion (IGF), the interaction is... 

The field of PWl is challenging, multifaceted, and highly interdisciplinary. It comprises research fields such as plasma physics, surface physics, solid-state physics, atomic and molecular physics, nuclear physics, chemistry, materials science, and mechanical engineering. In the following, focus will be put on the PSI processes at the plasma-facing surfaces, because they are of special importance for the operation of fusion plasmas. The selection of a specific plasmafacing material is closely linked to the operational scenario of the plasma and vice versa. Some other aspects of PWl will shortly be presented at the end of this section. Basic questions related to plasma-material interaction in magnetically confined fusion are discussed in the textbook of Naujoks (2006). 

In addition to the status of magnetic confinement fusion, it is worth briefly considering the status of inertial confinement fusion developments as well. This field has been combined with military research for the study of materials under extreme conditions experienced during nuclear bomb explosions therefore, its progress was only partly visible to the public. However, recently two major laser IGF facilities are being built or operated Laser Megajoule (LMJ)... 

Braams CM, Stott PE (2000) Nuclear fusion half a century of magnetic confinement fusion research. Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol Brown IG (2004) The physics and technology of ion sources. Wiley, New York... 

Samm U (2008) Plasma-waU interaction in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. Fusion Sci Technol 53 223-228... 

The potential applications of SiC SiC composites currently considered are core components, especially the control rod sheath and cladding of the VHTR, GFR, SFR, MSR, and LFR. Because the scope of this chapter is restricted to the Generation IV system, only part of the nuclear applications of SiCf/SiC was described. However, SiC SiC composites are also considered as the in-vessel components of magnetic confinement fusion devices including blanket structures, flow channel inserts (FCI) for the liquid metal (LM) blankets, and plasma-facing components (PFCs) [88—91]. In addition, they are candidates for an advanced fuel cladding for LWRs as an ATF (accident tolerance fuel) concept [72,92—97] and a channel box for the BWRs (boiling water-cooled reactors) [96,98,99]. 

D.M. Mattox, A.W. Mullendore, J.B. Whitley, H.O. Pierson, Thermal shock and fatigue-resistant coatings for magnetically confined fusion environments. Thin Solid Films 73 (1980) 101. 

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