Magnesium sulfate/oxide

Potassium permanganate/magnesium sulfate Oxidative ring opening... 

To a mixture of 100 ml of dry dichloromethane, 0.10 mol of propargyl alcohol and 0.11 mol of triethylamine was added a solution of 0.05 mol of Ph2PCl in 75 ml of dichloromethane in 3 min between -80 and -90°C. The cooling bath was removed, and when the temperature had reached 10°C, the reaction mixture was poured into a solution of 2.5 ml of 362 HCl in 100 ml of water. After vigorous shaking the lower layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with 25-ml portions of dichloromethane. The combined solutions were washed twice with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and then concentrated in a water-pump vacuum, giving almost pure allenyl phosphine oxide as a white solid, m.p. 98-100 5, in almost 1002 yield. 

Magnesium is deposited largely in the bones of the body. Magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate are supplemental sources of magnesium. 

Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate may be prepared by neutralization of sulfuric acid with magnesium carbonate or oxide, or it can be obtained directly from natural sources. It occurs abundantly as a double salt and can also be obtained from the magnesium salts that occur in brines used for the extraction of bromine (qv). The brine is treated with calcium hydroxide to precipitate magnesium hydroxide. Sulfur dioxide and air are passed through the suspension to yield magnesium sulfate (see Chemicals frombrine). Magnesium sulfate is a saline cathartic. 

The properties of 1,1-dichloroethane are Hsted ia Table 1. 1,1-Dichloroethane decomposes at 356—453°C by a homogeneous first-order dehydrochlofination, giving vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride (1,2). Dehydrochlofination can also occur on activated alumina (3,4), magnesium sulfate, or potassium carbonate (5). Dehydrochlofination ia the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (6) proceeds readily. The 48-h accelerated oxidation test with 1,1-dichloroethane at reflux temperatures gives a 0.025% yield of hydrogen chloride as compared to 0.4% HCl for trichloroethylene and 0.6% HCl for tetrachloroethylene. Reaction with an amine gives low yields of chloride ion and the dimer 2,3-dichlorobutane, CH CHCICHCICH. 2-Methyl-l,3-dioxaindan [14046-39-0] can be prepared by a reaction of catechol [120-80-9] with 1,1-dichloroethane (7). 

Calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate, followed by magnesium and iodine. 

The trialkylborane is oxidized by the addition to the stirred reaction mixture of 32 ml of a 3 solution of sodium hydroxide, followed by the dropwise addition of 32 ml of 30 % hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of 30-32° (water bath). The reaction mixture is saturated with sodium chloride and the tetrahydrofuran layer formed is separated and washed with saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic solution is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the THF is removed. Distillation affords 24.5 g (80%) of 4-methyl-1-pentanol, bp I51-153°/735 mm. 

The alkylborane is then oxidized by the addition of 150 ml of a 15% solution of hydrogen peroxide, while the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained at 7-8 by the simultaneous addition of 3 Asodium hydroxide, the process being carried out at ice-bath temperature. The reaction mixture is neutralized and subjected to steam distillation. The distillate is extracted with ether, and the extract is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After removal of the ether, distillation yields 18.0 g (70%) of n-octanal, bp 83-85733 mm. 

The two compounds were dissolved in diethyl ether by extracting the acidic layer three times with successive 500 ml portions of diethyl ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered, and the ether was removed by evaporation in vacuo. A residue consisting of 400 g of a mixture of o-chlorophenyl ethylene-/3-bromohydrin and o-chlorophenyl ethylene oxide was obtained. 

Ethyl N-phthaloyl p-aminophenylalaninate (3.15 g) (unrecrystallized) was suspended in water (50 g) and glacial acetic acid (30 g) added. To the clear solution, ethylene oxide (8.0 g) was added, the mixture allowed to stand for 17 hours, and then poured into water (350 g). The solution was neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate and the liberated gum extracted with ether. The ethereal solution was dried (magnesium sulfate) and eyapo-rated. The residual gum (3.95 g) was dissolved in benzene (50 g) and the solution dried azeotropically by distilling off some of the solvent. Freshly distilled phosphorus oxychloride (8 g) was added and the mixture heated under reflux for 30 minutes. 

Several plants have been equipped with processes that use an aqueous slurry of magnesium sulfite and magnesium oxide as the scrubbing material. Sulfur dioxide is absorbed, and a mixture of magnesium sulfite and magnesium sulfate is precipitated. 

A bleed stream from the absorption part of the process is dewatered and dried. The crystals of magnesium sulfite and magnesium sulfate are then calcined solid magnesium oxide is returned to the scrubbing process, and sulfur dioxide which is released with the calcination is then converted into a salable product such as sulfuric acid. 

These reactions are often conducted in water, or in acetone-water mixtures for higher molecular weight amines.Magnesium sulfate is frequently used as an additive in these reactions to control solution pH. 1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane (71) has been obtained via the permanganate oxidation of the hydrochloride salt of 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (70) (Table 1.7). The 45 % yield for this reaction reflects a relative yield of 82 % for the oxidation of each of the four amino groups. 

Recently, the influence of the preparation method of various MgO samples on their catalytic activity in the MPV reaction of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol has been reported 202). The oxides were prepared by various synthetic procedures including calcination of commercially available magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate calcination of magnesium hydroxides obtained from magnesium nitrate and magnesium sulfate sol-gel synthesis and precipitation by decomposition of urea. It was concluded that the efficiency of the catalytic hydrogen transfer process was directly related to the number of basic sites in the solid. Thus, the MgO (MgO-2 sample in Table IV) prepared by hydration and subsequent calcination of a MgO sample that had been obtained from commercially available Mg(OH)2 was the most basic and the most active for the MPV process, and the MgO samples with similar populations of basic sites exhibited similar activities (Table IV). 

Amines such as diethylamine, morpholine, pyridine, and /V, /V, /V, /V -tetramethylethylene-diamine are used to solubilize the metal salt and increase the pH of the reaction system so as to lower the oxidation potential of the phenol reactant. The polymerization does not proceed if one uses an amine that forms an insoluble metal complex. Some copper-amine catalysts are inactivated by hydrolysis via the water formed as a by-product of polymerization. The presence of a desiccant such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate or 4-A molecular sieve in the reaction mixture prevents this inactivation. Polymerization is terminated by sweeping the reaction system with nitrogen and the catalyst is inactivated and removed by using an aqueous chelating agent. 

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