Maderization effect

If the wine is heated in the presence of air, there is a maderization effect, with the formation of aldehydes, acetals and other aromatic compounds, giving a rancio character. These are standard practices for certain wines, mainly vins de liqueur (sweet fortified wines), including Madeira, Port and French vins doux naturels. Heating in these instances may be very intense, e.g. 60 days at 60°C. 

None of the above methods is sufiBcient for neutrons, however. Neutrons penetrate mader so easily that the only effective approach is to use materials with a very high surface-to-vohuue ratio. This can be accomplished with small particles and exfoliated graphite, for instance, but the teclmique has essentially been abandoned in surface sdidies [7, 8]. 

The structure of a vapor-quenched alloy may be either crystalline, in which the periodicity of the unit cell is repeated within the crystallites, or amorphous, in which there is no translational periodicity even over a distance of several lattice spacings. Mader (64) has given the following criteria for the formation of an amorphous structure the equilibrium diagram must show limited terminal solubilities of the two components, and a size difference of greater than 10% should exist between the component atoms. A ball model simulation experiment has been used to illustrate the effects of size difference and rate of deposition on the structure of quench-cooled alloy films (68). Concentrated alloys of Cu-Ag (35-65%... 

R. E. Martin, T. Mader, F. Diederich, Monodisperse Poly(triacetylene) Rods Synthesis of a 11.9 nm Long Molecular Wire and Direct Determination of the Effective Conjugation Length by UV/Vis and Raman Spectroscopies , Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1999,38, 817-821. 

Mader, P., Pfiffner, L., Niggli, U., Baker, U., Baker, F., Plochberger, K, Velimirov, A. and J.-M. Besson (1993). Effect of three fanning systems (biodynamic, bio-organic, conven-tional) on yield and quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. var. escu-lenta L.) in a seven year crop rota. Acta Horticulturae 339 11-31. 

Pfiffner, L. and P. Mader (1997). Effects of biodynamic, organic and conventional production systems on earthworm populations. Entomological Research in Organic Agriculture. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture Special edition 15 3-10. 

LRL, Gen Chem Tech Note Number 128 Props of Chem Expl , June, 1963 10) C.L. Mader, LASL, LA 2900, July, 1963 10a) N.O. Holland, Editor, Explosives — Effects and Properties , NOLTR... 

Biodynamic research is often associated with research on the preparations and cosmic influences (Kirchmann 1994, Trevawas 2004). In the early days, much scientific attention was indeed given to the preparations (Koepf 1993, Goldstein 2000, IBDF 2003). Many attempts have been made to provide evidence for the effect of the preparations on soil parameters (e.g. Bachinger 1995, Carpenter-Boggs et al. 2000, Mader etal. 2002), plant development (Koppenol... 

Wang J, Li F, Calhoun JH, Mader JT. The role and effectiveness of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of musculskeletal disorders. J Postgrad Med 2002 48 226-231. 

Cocker, D. R. Ill, Mader, B. T., Kalberer, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. C. (2001a) The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol, II. m-Xylene and 1,3,5-tri-methylbenzene photooxidation systems, Atmos. Environ. 35, 6073-6085. 

M. Sittig, Hazardous and Toxic Effects of Industrial Chemicals , Noyes Data Corp, Park Ridge, NJ (1979) C.L. Mader, Numerical Modeling of Detonations , Univ of California Press, Berkeley, Calif (1979)... 

Absorbent charcoal has been used for many years. There are many different preparations (based on animal or plant charcoal), which have been subjected to various activation processes. These prod-nets are relatively suitable, either for eliminating nnpleasant smells or for removing stains or mader-ized color from white wines. The use of doses up to 100 g/hl is permitted by European legislation for the treatment of white wines. Doses of 10-50 g/hl are generally sufficient to treat the color of white wines, while effective deodorization may require... 

The colloidal materials in soil also protect plants against many of the numerous pesticides that are now in common use in agriculture Mader, 1959). Only rarely do these materials, at the rates commonly used, cause injury to crops. But as the colloid content of soils decreases the possibility of injury increases. Humus is especially effective in protection against insecticide residues that contain copper. It has been shown repeatedly that where pesticides are applied directly to soils the effective dose increases markedly as the colloid content of the soil increases. This shows how effective colloids are in inactivating toxic materials. The literature is covered rather fully by Bailey and White (1964). 

G.R. Odette, E.V. Mader, G.E. Lucas, W.J. Phythian and C.A. English, The effect of flux on the irradiation hardening of pressure vessel steels . Effects of Radiation on Materials 16th International Symposium, ASTM STP1175, A.S. Kumar, D.S. Gelles, R.K. Nanstad and E.A. Little, eds, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1993,373. 

The compound CeAh and its associated alloys is one of the most thoroughly studied concentrated lanthanide systems. Above 25 K the magnetic susceptibility of CeAb follows a Curie-Weiss law with a Curie-Weiss temperature of - 46 K and an effective moment of 2.63 /xb (Buschow and Fast, 1966 Mader and Swift, 1968). Below 25 K the curvature in was attributed to the effects of a... 

Cheng J, Vecitis CD, ParkH, Mader BT, Hoffmann MR (2010) Sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctane suUrmate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in groundwater kinetic effects of matrix inOTganics. Environ Sci Technol 44(l) 445-450... 

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