M-Octanol

Clog P Calculated hydrophobicity of the whole molecule (calculated logarithm of partition coefficient (P) in M-octanol/water) ji Calculated hydrophobicity of the substituent... 

Seydel, J. K., Wiese, M. Octanol-water partitioning versus Partitioning into membranes. In Drug-Memhrane Interactions (Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry), Seydel, J. K., Wiese, M. (eds.), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002, Vol. 15,... 

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (Kow)—The equilibrium ratio of the concentrations of a chemical in M-octanol and water, in dilute solution. 

Lipophilicity is an important physicochemical descriptor used in correlating chemical stmcture with biological activity. It is traditionally expressed as the logarithm of the partition coefficient (i.e., log Aqw) of the solute between n-octanol and the aqueous phase, thus representing the rate of concentrations of a compound (X) in M-octanol and water, that is,... 

The M-octanol is used as a surrogate for lipids. It was chosen by Hansch et al. (1962) as the reference organic phase as those workers felt that it simulates the lipid components... 

The formation of 2.6-octadienol (27) by the reaction of 1,3-butadiene with water has attracted attention as a novel method for the commercial production of M-octanol, which has a considerable market. However, the reaction of water under the usual conditions is very sluggish. The addition of C02 facilitates the telomerization of water and 2.6-octadienol (27) is obtained as a major pro-ductal]. In the absence of C02, only 1,3,7-octatriene (7) is formed. Probably octadienyl carbonate is formed, which is easily hydrolyzed to give 27. A com-... 

The 3.8-nonadienoate 91, obtained by dimerization-carbonylation, has been converted into several natural products. The synthesis of brevicomin is described in Chapter 3, Section 2.3. Another royal jelly acid [2-decenedioic acid (149)] was prepared by cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of the terminal double bond, followed by isomerization of the double bond to the conjugated position to afford 149[122], Hexadecane-2,15-dione (150) can be prepared by Pd-catalyzed oxidation of the terminal double bond, hydrogenation of the internal double bond, and coupling by Kolbe electrolysis. Aldol condensation mediated by an organoaluminum reagent gave the unsaturated cyclic ketone 151 in 65% yield. Finally, the reduction of 151 afforded muscone (152)[123], M-Octanol is produced commercially as described beforc[32]. 

The chromatographic parameters were compared with calculated H20 M-octanol log P value (2.23) (by CLOGP program) (96JC(A)135). 

Table 5 gives some physical properties of commonly used pharmaceutical cosolvents in water. Note that M-octanol is added in the table as a reference, since compounds that have large octanol/water partition coefficients have poor aqueous solubility. The use of cosolvent systems that have physical properties that... 

The influence of octanol is shown in Table IV for a constant AOT concentration of 0.01 M. Pressures are indicated which are required to dissolve the specified amounts of water so that the systems become one phase. The existence of multiple phases is common for these systems, particularly at lower pressures. For 0.5 M octanol, and Wo= 3, four phases are present at 52 bar. 

The addition of 0.01 M octanol increases significantly the solubilization of water from a Wo of 3 to 11. The polarity increases to approach the pure water value of 254 nm, but it was not adjustable with pressure in the one phase region. 

Bintein S, Devillers J, Karcher W. Nonlinear dependence of fish bioconcentration on M-octanol/water partition coefficient. SAR QSAR Environ Res 1993 1 29-39. 

An interesting approach proposed by Dunn et al. 4 is derived from a principal components analysis of partition coefficients measured in different organic solvents (M-octanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, hexane). Two principal components were selected. An analysis of the loadings matrix showed that the first component (f, 80% of the variance) is approximately equally weighted in the log P data in all solvents, whereas the... 

The log M-octanol/water partition coefficient (log represents one of the most informative physicochemical parameters available to medicinal or environmental chemists. It is defined for dilute solutions as the molar concentration ratio of a single species (A) between two phases at equilibrium ... 

Finizio et al. [7] provided an alternative interpretation of the Pankow absorption model [5] in terms of the octanol/air partition coefficient (Kqa, air/m octanol)... 

The coefficient 5(m octanol/m aerosol particles) is directly proportional to the fraction of available organic matter in aerosols (fou), the ratio of densities of aerosol particles and octanol (pp/po), the ratio of molecular weights of octanol and organic matter (Mq/Mom), and the ratio of activity coefficients of the chemical in octanol... 

L(water)/L(octanol) m (air)/m (octanol) L(water)/kg(organic carbon)... 

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