Bioconcentration in fish

The log Kow, water solubilities, and Henry s law constants of several of the components that are present in the organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids included in this profile have been measured and are presented in Tables 3-4, 3-5, 3-8, and 3-9. In general, chemicals with low Kow (log Knw <1) tend to have high water solubilities, do not sorb to sediments, and do not bioconcentrate chemicals with high Kow tend to have low water solubilities, partition to sediments and soil, and bioconcentrate in fish (Lyman et al. 1982). Most of the values presented above are for mixtures and are the average values for all of the components in the mixture. 

Spacie, A. Hamelink, J.L. "Recent Advances in the Prediction of Bioconcentration in Fish." Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1982, 1, 309-20. 

Noegrohati, S., Hammers, W.E. (1992) Regression models for octanol-water partition coefficients, and for bioconcentration in fish. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 34, 155-173. 

The risk posed by the potential to concentrate into sediments was approached similarly to the aquatic compartment, i.e. using a PEC/PNEC ratio (Table 3.2). When no actual effect data on sediment organisms were available, PNECs in sediments were estimated on the basis of physico-chemical parameters and PNECs in water [1]. The risk posed by the potential to bioconcentrate in fish was assessed by the methodology described by Nendza et al. [2] with the determination of the critical body burden (CBB). This parameter predicts the level of the chemical in the organism which could... 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Simple cyanide compounds do not bioconcentrate in fish (ASTER 1994 Callahan et al. 1979 EPA 1985a). It would be useful to determine the bioconcentration potential for cyanide in fish from water dosed with less toxic and water-soluble cyanide complexes. There is no indication of biomagnification of cyanides in aquatic and terrestrial food chains. Because of the high toxicity of cyanides at high doses and rapid metabolism at low doses, biomagnification of cyanide in animals seems unlikely. 

O. 1985, Relationship between bioconcentration in fish and steric factors of hydrophobic chemicals. Chemosphere 14 1871—1896. 

Chloroform does not appear to bioconcentrate in higher aquatic organisms, based upon measured bioconcentration factors (BCF) of 6 and 8 for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) (Barrows et al. 1980 Veith et al. 1980). Information from EPA s ASTER (1996) database document a calculated BCF for the fathead miimow of 14, a low value suggesting little potential for bioconcentration in fish. A BCF of 690 experimentally determined for the bioconcentration of chloroform in the green algae Selenastrum capricomutum suggests that the compound has a moderate tendency to concentrate in nonvascular aquatic... 

Davies RP, Dobbs AJ. 1984. The prediction of bioconcentration in fish. Water Research 18 1253-1562. 

Experimental bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 14.1 for o-cresol (Sabljic 1987) and 19.9 for m-cresol (Freitag et al. 1982) indicate that the isomers of cresol will not bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms to any significant extent. Also, cresols are not likely to bioconcentrate in humans. Similar to their behavior in soil, the isomeric cresols are not expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter, although the potential for this process exists. 

Gobas, F.A.P.C. and D. Mackay. 1987. Dynamics of Hydrophobic Organic Chemical Bioconcentration in Fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6 495-504. 

Opperhuizen, A., E.W. Van der Velde, F.A.PC. Gobas, D.A.K. Liem, J.M.D. Van der Steen, and O. Hutzinger. 1985. Relationship between Bioconcentration in Fish and Steric Factors of Hydro-phobic Chemicals. Chemosphere 14, 1871-1896. 

De Voogt, P, Muir, D.C.G., Webster, G.R.B., Govers, H. (1990) Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the bioconcentration in fish of seven polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. Chemosphere 21, 1385-1396. 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Chromium does not bioconcentrate in fish (EPA 1980,1984a Fishbein 1981 Schmidt and Andren 1984). There is no indication of biomagnification of chromium along the aquatic food chain (Cary 1982). Some data indicate that chromium has a low mobility for translocation from roots to above-ground parts of plants (Cary 1982 WHO 1988). However, more data regarding the transfer ratio of chromium from soil to plants and biomagnification in terrestrial food chains would be desirable. 

Barber MC. 2003. A review and comparison of models for predicting dynamic chemical bioconcentration in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 22 1963-1992. 

A9.5.2.3.2 Different test guidelines for the experimental determination of bioconcentration in fish have been documented and adopted, the most generally applied being the OECD test guideline (OECD 305, 1996). 

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