Lysosomes cell culture

Yoshimori T, Yamamoto A, Moriyama Y, Futai M, Tashiro Y. Bafilomycin Al, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells. J Biol Chem 1991 266(26) 17707-17712. 

Ali-Khan, Z., Chan, S.L., Jung, S.S., Chronopoloulos, S. (1996) Ubiquilin and Alzheimer s amyloid beta precursor protein colocalize to endosomes-lysosomes in cultured human cells. Neuroreport, 8, 385-389. 

These authors suggest that the multivalency of the lectins is an important factor in vacuole formation in these cells. However, we have seen that two of those lectins most active in the macrophage system, namely concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, are unable to induce lysosomes in cultured fibroblasts. We are presently studying the properties of the lectins and the cells in order to more coiqpletely understand the mechanism of lectin induced accumulation of lysosomes in animal cells. 

The artificial milieu imposed on the tissue. These drawbacks are less important if isolated organ systems are used merely for comparing the potency of different substances. The use of isolated cells offers a further simplification of the test system. Thus, quantitation of certain drug effects can be achieved with particular ease in cell cultures. A more marked reduction consists in the use of isolated subcellular structures, such as plasma membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, or lysosomes. With increasing reduction, extrapolation to the intact organism becomes more dif cult and less certain. 

Saint-Pol, A., Bauvy, C., Codogno, P., and Moore, S. E. H. (1997). Transfer of free polyman nos e-type oligosaccharides from the cytosol to lysosomes in cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma HEPG2 cells. J. Cell Biol. 136, 45-59. 

Functions. — A survey of which enzymes are lacking in cases of genetic hyper-glycosaminoglycanuria (mucopolysaccharidoses) has been made. A novel mechanism has been demonstrated for the introduction of hydrolytic enzymes into the lysosomes of fibroblasts in cell culture by a secretion and capture process. 

Water soluble chitin 50 and chitosan were developed from the chitin and has been used as exogenous elicitors for the production of chitinases and anthraquinone in Morinda citrifolia thorugh cell culture. On the other hand, the commercial pectin derived from M. citrifolia, it can be induced chitinase and lysosome activities (Heike and Dietrich 1994). 

The iron-cataiyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals accounts for much of the cytotoxicity of the element. The resultant lipid peroxidation causes damage to the plasma membrane and to intracellular membranes of the mitochondria and lysosomes (Hershko and Weatherall 1988). Free radicals have been implicated in iron-induced injury to many tissues, including lung (Adamson et al. 1993), kidney (Alfrey et al. 1989), endothelium (Brieland et al. 1992), and heart (Hershko et al. 1987 Link et al. 1993 Scott et al. 1985). Iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in cell culture systems and its sup-... 

Polyphosphoramidates bearing a spermidine side chain (PPA-SP), with approx. 100 positive charges per polymer chain [128] were able to condense plasmid DNA efficiently and showed lower cytotoxicity than PLL and PEI in cell culture. Gene expression mediated by PPA-SP was greatly enhanced when chloroquine was used as an endo/lysosomal protective and escape agent. Optimized PPA-SP/DNA complexes yielded gene expression levels close to PEI/DNA complexes. 

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