Lysosomal Activities

The acid phosphatase activity of the ameba, Chaos chaos, is largely confined to particulate bound enzyme which exhibits latency. A noncompetitive heat-stable inhibitor is present in the particulate fraction. The role of this inhibitor in the mechanism of lysosomal activation is not clear (12b, 12c). 

Bendiske J, Bahr BA (2003) Lysosomal activation is a compensatory response against protein accumulation and associated synaptopathogenesis-an approach for slowing Alzheimer disease J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62 451-463... 

For example, NAG is a lysosomal bound enzyme that may indicate an increase in lysosomal activity, while AAP may indicate turnover of brush-border tissue. They behave differently in response to the effects on the kidney of different toxicants and chronic diseases, each providing potentially valuable pieces of information [111]. 

Phospholipase A2 has been detected in almost any cell in which its presence has been investigated.1 This activity has extensively been studied in liver cells where it is present in different cell organelles such as plasma membranes, microsomes, golgi membranes and lysosomes.1 With the exception of the lysosomal enzyme, all phospholipase A2 activities require an alkaline pH (7.8-9.5) and are stimulated by Ca2+ ions. The lysosomal activity requires acidic pH (U.O-5.0) and is inhibited by Ca2+ ions. 

Water soluble chitin 50 and chitosan were developed from the chitin and has been used as exogenous elicitors for the production of chitinases and anthraquinone in Morinda citrifolia thorugh cell culture. On the other hand, the commercial pectin derived from M. citrifolia, it can be induced chitinase and lysosome activities (Heike and Dietrich 1994). 

Glycoprotein sialidase (neuraminidase) (EC 3.2.1.18). Other lysosomal activities in liver sometimes increased. Sialyloligosaccharides accumulate. Mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities and Hurler-type facial features may be present in varying degrees, or absent. Hepatosplenomegaly, renal involvement and hydrops fetalis sometimes present. 

Proteins of low molecular weight in secondary lysosomes activated a variety of sphingolipid hydrolases, including o-galactosylceramidase (E.C. 3.2.1.46). The relationship between the a-D-galactosidase and a-o-fucosidase activities in human and animal tissues, etc., has been investigated. ... 

---