Lymph nodes mouse model

BALB/c animals display IL-12 p40 mRNA, in apparent contrast to PMN from the genetically susceptible C57BL/6 mouse strain [73]. Neutrophil depletion of BALB/c mice exacerbates infection. This is accompanied by decreased Thl cytokines (IL-12 p40, IFN-7, TNF-a) and increases in the IL-10 response in spleens of infected animals, suggesting a Thl to Th2 switch [73]. In contrast, during T. cruzi infection of susceptible C57BL/6 mice, neutrophil depletion induces resistance to disease and enhances Thl cytokine production. Neutrophils have also been implicated in induction of the CD4-I- Th2 response in L. major-infected BALB/c mice [85]. Thus, the early burst of IL-4 that instructs Th2 differentiation in this model is prevented by neutrophil depletion, and draining lymph node T cells remain IL-12-responsive, unlike cells from nondepleted mice. 

Several in vivo methods exist and are used as tools to determine the potential for contact, and potentially respiratory, hypersensitivity (e.g., the local lymph node (LENA) (Kimber et al., 2002) and popliteal lymph node (PLNA) (Pieters, 2001) assays) and the mouse drug allergy model, which is a modification of the LENA, demonstrates promise as a screening tool in that a number of drugs which cause idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reactions in humans were positive in this assay (Whritenour et al., 2014 Zhu et al., 2014). However, there are no fully predictive animal models of drug allergy in humans. 

Zhu, X., Cole, S.H., Kawahata, T.T., Whritenom, J. (2014). Characterization of the draining lymph node response in the mouse drug allergy model a model for drug hypersensitivity reactions. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 12, 376-384. 

Fig. 9 Fluorescence imaging of lymphocytes in mice. Labeled and/or engineered cells were administrated intravenously (n = 3, 100 pL/mouse, lO cells) and whole body was scanned liom the back side by eXplore Optix, GE Healthcare, Bioscience (excitation at 646 nm, anission 663 nm), 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 48 h, and 1 week after injection. Data woe normalized. SP spleen, LN lymph node of epidermal intestinal tract TM DLD-1 human colon carcinoma, (a) Cy5-labeled cells to the nude mice, (b) Cy5-labeled cells to the DLD-1 implanted nude mice at dorsal division, (c) Both Cy5-labeled and Al-glycan-engineered lymphocytes into the tumor model...

Other authors detected DNA from Propionibacterium acnes in lymph nodes from sarcoid patients (151,152). In addition, P. acnes stimulates BAL lymphocytes from sarcoid patients (153). Granulomata induced in a mouse model of P. acnes display many features of sarcoid granuloma (154). 

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