Lymph nodes micrometastases detected

O., et al. Comparative detection of lymph node micrometastases of stage II colorectal cancer by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. 

Okada, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Yamamoto, H., Sugita, Y., Yasuda, T., Doki, Y., et al. Genetic detection of lymph node micrometastases in patients with gastric carcinoma by multiple-marker reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Cancer 92, 2056-2064 (2001). 

The molecular detection of micrometastases is more sensitive and selective than the classic histopathologic examination of lymph nodes. Many studies showed that about one-third of breast cancer patients with histological negative lymph nodes develop recurrent disease due to the presence of lymph node micrometastases or isolates tumor cells. 

Ooka, M., Sakita, I., Fujiwara, Y. et al. (2000) Selection of mRNA markers for detection of lymph node micrometastases in breast cancer patients. Oncdogy Rep, 7, 561-566. 

Saintigny, P., Coulon, S., Kambouchner, M. et al. (2005) real-time RT-PCR detection of CK19, CK7 and MUCl mRNA of diagnosis of lymph node micrometastases in non small cell lung carcinoma. Int J Cancer, 115, 777-782. 

Dorudi, S., Kinrade, E., Marshall, N.C. etal. (1998) Genetic detection of lymph node micrometastases in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg, 85, 98—100. 

Rapid immunohistochemical study of frozen sections is necessary for intraoperative diagnosis in some cases. Rapid immunostaining is also helpful in confirming or excluding tumor clearance in resection margins or in detecting micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Two methods to immunostain frozen sections are the enhanced polymer one-step staining (EPOS) system and the EnVision system both systems are detailed later. 

For detection of micrometastasis, immunohistochemical method was first introduced in 1987 (S3) and has been evaluated as a reliable method because the presence of tumor cells can be confirmed visually based on their morphology. To date, this immunohistochemical method is still widely used for detection of micrometastases in the lymph nodes and bone marrow (T3). 

In the field of colorectal cancer, there are over 15 reports on the immunohistochemical detection of micrometastasis in the lymph node (Al, Ol). Most studies concluded that immunohistochemically detected micrometastasis does not correlate with a poorer outcome. However, the prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detected micrometastases remains still controversial (G7, S2), similar to that for gastric cancer. 

F4. Fukagawa, T., Sasako, M., Mann, G. B., Sano, T., Katai, H., Maruyama, K., et al., Immunohistochemically detected micrometastases of the lymph nodes in patients with gastric carcinoma. Cancer 92, 753-760 (2001). 

K9. Kubota, K., Nakanishi, H., Hiki, N., Shimizu, N., Tsuji, E., Yamaguchi, H., et al.. Quantitative detection of micrometastases in the lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients with real-time RT-PCR A comparative study with immunohistochemistry. Int. J. Cancer 105, 136-143 (2003). 

M9. Mori, M., Mimori, K., Inoue, H., Barnard, G. F., Tsuji, K., Nanbara, S., et al.. Detection of cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Res. 55, 3417-3420 (1995). 

Schoenfeld, A., Luqmani, Y., Smith, D., O Reilly, S., Shousha, S., Sinnett, H. D., etal.. Detection of breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes by using polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Res. 54, 2986-2990 (1994). 

In conclusion, the amplification of CK 20 mRNA in blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes or body fluids is an informative method for the detection of micrometastases or circulating tumor cells originated from colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas. 

Detection of breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Am J Pathol, 148, 649-656. 

Kurahashi, T., Hara, L, Oka, N. et al. (2005) Detection of micrometastases in pelvic lymph nodes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for focally invasive bladder cancer by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR for cytokeratinl9 and uroplakin II. Clin Cancer Res, 11, 3773-3777. 

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