Communication sexual

Some lepidopteran species secret methyl-branched chemicals for their sexual communication. These have been abbreviated with Me to indicate the position of the methyl group. Disparlure (Me2,epo7-18 H) is a well-known pheromone identified from Lymantria dispar [3] and two other species in the same genus, L.fumida [95] and L. monacha [96]. L. monacha also secrets an... 

Contrary to the structure similarity of the pheromones secreted by taxonomical related moths, some differences are necessary for their sexual communication systems to play an important role in their reproductive isolation. In addition to further modifications of the various structures, diversity of the lepidopteran sex pheromones is generated by blending multiple components. Innumerable pheromone blends are based not only on combinations of different components but also on variations in the mixing ratio. A pioneer study with Adoxophyes spp. (Tortricidae Tortricinae) had already proposed this concept in the early 1970s. While the smaller tea tortrix (A. honmai) and the Japanese summerfruit tortrix (A. oranafasciata) had been considered to be variant strains with different host preferences in the same species, Tamaki et al. found that females of the former pest insect in the tea garden secreted Z9-14 OAc and Zll-14 OAc in a ratio of 7 4 but females of the latter defoliator of apple trees secreted them in a ratio of 13 4 [127,128]. Furthermore, two other components (Ell-14 OAc and MelO-12 OAc) were subsequently identified from the former species [129]. 

Sexual communication, including species recognition, sex recognition, synchronization of sexual activity, and assessment during sexual competition... 

Ferkin, M.H., Leonard, S.T., Heath, L.A., and Paz-y-Mino C., G. (2001) Self-grooming as atactic used by prairie voles Microtus ochrogaster to enhance sexual communication. Ethology 107, 939-949. 

Card6, R. T. and Baker, T. C. (1984). Sexual communication with pheromones. In... 

Gries G., Gries R., Khashin G., Slessor K. N., Grant G. G., Liska J. and Kapitola P. (1996) Specificity of nun and gypsy moth sexual communication through multiple-component pheromone blends. Naturwissenschaften 83, 382-385. 

Scorpions have never really been used as a model to study the role of chemical signals in intraspecific and sexual communication. Up to now sex pheromones have been described... 

Fabre tested this hypothesis and subsequently rejected the idea that electromagnetic radiation was involved in the sexual communication systems of moths however he remained skeptical of the involvement of the sense of smell. Sixty years later the case for smell was finally settled when German chemists, led by A. Butenandt (3-5), were the first to isolate, identify, and synthesize an insect sex pheromone, that of the female silkworm (Bombyx morl). They found that the compound responsible for eliciting sexual behavior from the male moth was ( E, Z)-10,12-hexadecadien-l-ol. 

Sexual communication between sexes in Lepidopteran species is mediated mainly by sex pheromones, which are volatile compounds used by the female to attract potential mates from a distance [18]. In moths, sex pheromones play an important role in the elicitation of mating behaviour, and are, therefore, crucial for successful mating. They are synthesised by females in a specialised gland, which is a modification of the inter-segmental membrane located between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments [19, 20]. The pheromone is produced within the epithelial cells, transported through the cuticle via special porous cuticular spines and disseminated from the surface [19, 20]. 

Resolution of diastereomeric amides by preparative HPLC has been developed for a-branched alkanoic acids, and has been employed to prepare dimethyl branched alkanes implicated in tsetse fly sexual communication (6). In much of our own work we have made use of fractional crystallization whereby racemic acids are converted to amides of either (R)- or (S)-ot-methylbenzylamine. These amines are available from Hexcel Corp., Zeeland, MI, and the diastereomeric amides can be analyzed for purity chromato-graphically. 

Smee DL, Weissburg MJ (2006b) Hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) evaluate predation risk using chemical signals from predators and injured conspecifics. J Chem Ecol 32 605-619 Snell TW, Morris RD (1993) Sexual communication in copepods and rotifers. Hydrobiologia... 

The search for medfly detection and control techniques focuses on mating behavior and sexual communication. These can be highly selective and efficient. 

Medfly males produce three distinct sounds as part of their sexual communication ritual. Their calling song is a low amplitude vibration at350cps, and can be the attractant sought (Mizrach et al., 2004). This sound, when artificially produced by a sound speaker, was found to attract a large proportion of test females. Females thus attracted could be killed electrically or by other means. 

Klun, J.A., Plimmer, J.R., Bierl-Leonhardt, B.A., Spark, A.N. Chapman, O.L. 1979. Trace chemicals The essence of sexual communication systems in Heliothis species. Science 204 132S-I330... 

Klun, J.A., J.R. Plimmer, B.A. Bierl-Leonhardt, A.N. Sparks, and O.L. Chapman Trace Chemicals The Essence of Sexual Communication System in Heliothis Species. Science 204, 1328-1330 (1979). 

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