Lung cysts

Nitrous oxide is approximately 34 times more soluble in blood than nitrogen. It will diffuse into, and from, air-containing cavities more rapidly than nitrogen. Thus, during nitrous oxide anaesthesia, air-or gas-filled cavities will tend to expand with the risk of rupture and pneumothorax, e.g. lung cyst, bullae. Similarly, chronic inflammation in the middle ear may result in blockage of the Eustachian tube. In these circumstances, nitrous oxide may induce barotrauma and pain. 

PCP ED90, minimum administered for 4 days that decreases the lung cyst count by 90% over untreated controls. 

Franquet T, Hansell DM etal. (2003) Lung cysts in subacute hypersensitivity pnemnonitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 27 475-478... 

Ichikawa Y, Kinoshita M, Koga T, et al. Lung cyst formation in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia CT features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994 18(5) 745 48. Johkoh T, Ichikado K, Akira M, et al. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia followup CT findings in 14 patients. J Thorac Imaging 2000 15(3) 162 167. 

Silva Cl, Fhnt JD, Levy RD et al. Diffuse lung cysts in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia high-resolution CT and pathologic findings. J Thorac Imaging 2006 21 241-244. 

Gunji Y, Akiyoshi T, Sato T, et al. Mutations of the Birt Hogg Dube gene in patients with multiple lung cysts and recurrent pneumothorax. J Med Genet 2007 44(9) 588-593. 

Pulmonary conlusions Pulmonary lacerations Pneumothorax/haemo pneumothorax Traumatic lung cysts Interstitial emphysema Pneu momed iasti nu m Subcutaneous emphysema... 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, mediastinal cysts, mycoplasma infections, Pancoast syndrome, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, lung cancer, lymphoma. 

Extraluminal infection and/or abscess formation can occur at any site after any of the other syndromes or may be the primary presentation. Metastatic infections have been reported to involve bone, cysts, heart, kidney, liver, lungs, pericardium, spleen, and tumors. 

Widespread fibrosis in the lung causes tissue and airway disruption and can create air-filled cavities or cysts of various sizes. Commonly, cavities are filled with secretions, appearing radiographically as multiple sausageshaped opacities. In the late stages opacity spreads throughout both the upper and lower lobes of the lungs (Fig. 3.7). 

Albendazole (Albenza) is primarily used to treat infections caused by the larval form of certain cestodes (tapeworms). These infections often cause cysts (hydatid disease) in the liver, lungs, and other tissues albendazole is used as an adjunct to the surgical removal of these cysts or as the primary treatment if these cysts are inoperable. This drug is also effective against many gastrointestinal roundworms and hookworms, and is typically used as a secondary agent if other anthelmintics are not effective in treating these infections. 

Richards, K. S. Ilderton, E. Yardley, H. J. (1987). Lipids in the laminated layer of liver, lung and daughter cysts of equine Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 86B 209-12. 

Dhaliwal, R.S., Kalkat, M.S. One-stage surgical procedure for bilateral lung and liver hytatid cysts. Ann. Thor. Surg. 1997 64 338-341... 

On reaching the duodenum of the intermediate host (man, sheep, cattle and camel), the shell of the egg is digested liberating onchospheres which penetrate the intestinal wall and reach the blood circulation. The onchospheres are then carried to different parts of the body and get encysted. The liver is the most favoured site where the majority of the cysts settle down. However, other parts of the body such as lungs, spleen, brain, heart, kidneys, bones, abdominal cavity and musculature may also contain the hydatid cysts. 

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