Lunar environment

KEYS, A. ADAMS, J. CRESSLER, J DARTY, C. JOHNSON, A. PATRICK, C. High-performance, radiation-haidened electronics for space and lunar environments. AIP Space Teeh-nology and Applications International Forum. Proceedings... Albuquerque, NM Ameriean Institute of Physics. 2008. pp. 749-756. 

The techniques of nonimaging optics are particularly valuable in space or lunar environments where the use of solar thermal energy has obvious advantages. Earlier preliminary studies have explored this concept for the produc-... 

Project Apollo achieved the national goal of landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to earth. In addition, it carried out a program of scientific explorations of the moon and developed man s capability to work in the lunar environment. Apollo employed three-man crews and a three-part spacecraft. In the Apollo project, there were 11 flights, including six landings on the lunar surface. 

A miniaturized MB spectrometer MIMOS II was developed for the robotic exploration of Mars, where it provided fundamental information about mineralogical composition and alteration processes, helped to classify rocks and soils, aided geologic mapping, was instrumental in assessing habitability of past and present environments, and identified potential construction resources for future human explorers. The applicability of the instrument as a process monitor for oxygen production and prospecting tool for lunar ISRU has been demonstrated. The characterization of air pollution sources and the study of mixed-valence materials as a function of depth in soil are examples of terrestrial in situ applications. MIMOS lla with additional XRF capability will open up new applications. 

Bugbee, B. G., Salisbury, F. B. (1989). Controlled environment crop production Hydroponic vs. lunar regolith. In D. W. Ming,D. L. Henninger (Eds.), Lunar Base Agriculture Soils for Plant Growth (pp. 107-129). Amer. Soc. Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. 

Flynn, C. et al., Spaceflight Cognitive Assessment Tool for Lunar-Mars Life Support Test Project Phase III Test, in Isolation NASA Experiments in Closed-Environment Living, Vol. 104, Lane, S.W., Sauer, R., and Feeback, D.L., Eds., Unicelt, Inc., San Diego, 2002, 155. 

In Birmingham and its environs Hutton met other members of the Lunar Society, including Matthew Boulton and Erasmus Darwin. On a visit to the latter in Lichfield, Hutton used Darwin s house as a base for expeditions into Derbyshire and also participated in an experiment with an airgun and thermometer to demonstrate how the expansion of air cools it.31 Darwin was later to make use of this fact in explaining processes of devaporation in clouds and in steam engines, as we will see in a moment. 

Jones R. H. (1997) Alteration of plagioclase-rich chondmles in C03 chondrites evidence for late-stage sodium and iron metasomatism in a nebular environment. In Workshop on Parent-body and Nebular Modification of Chondritic Materials (eds. M. E. Zolensky, A. N. Krot, and E. R. D. Scott). Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 30-31. 

Noble S. K. and Pieters C. M. (2001) Space weathering in the mercurian environment. In Workshop on Mercury Space Environment, Surface, and Interior, LPI Contrib. No. 1097 (eds. M. Robinson and G. J. Taylor). Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 68-69. 

Molster F. J., Bradley J. P., Sitko M. E., and Nuth J. A. (2001) Astromineralogy the comparison of infrared spectra from astrophysical environments with those from interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). In Lunar Planet Set XXXII, 1391. The Eunar and Planetary Institute, Houston (CD-ROM). 

English, R.A., Bailey, J.V. and Brown, R.D., Application of Apollo cosmic radiation dosimetry to lunar colonization studies, p. 79-89 in Natural Radiation Environment II. CONF-720805-P1, 1975. 

L. Lunar, S. Rubio, D. Pdrez-Bendito, Environ. Technol. 25 (2004) 173-184. 

This convenient method has been used successfully to keep air breathable for humans living in extreme environments like deep-sea diving apparatuses, submarines, space suits, and spacecraft. One of the many serious problems that occurred during the Apollo 13 lunar mission involved LiOH canisters that didn t fit the air purification system. 

The period between 1960 and 1970 can be called the initiation of the Age of Space. We witnessed space spectaculars that climaxed with the landing of an American astronaut on the lunar surface. Equally possible is that we will look back and call the 1970s the initiation of the Age of Man. We will have witnessed spectaculars in environment, medicine, and the interaction between man and his environment. A large part of the Age of Man will belong to a new breed of professional—the biomedical engineer. 

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