Sampler low volume

High-volume sampler A device used for extracting particulates from the air for analysis that requires a shorter. sampling period than a low-volume sampler. 

Aira Low volume sampler with glass fiber filter and ethylene glycol trap GC/ECD No data No data Harkov 1986... 

Sample collected with low-volume sampler consisting of a constant flow pump and a cartridge containing polyurethane foam. Extract with diethyl ether in hexane. 

Sampling of these substances has been carried out following three approaches liquid absorbents [47], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres [43] and filter substrates (mostly quartz fibre filters but also PTFE membranes [1, 42, 48, 49]). When filter substrates are used, atmospheric particles are collected over 24-h periods using high-volume (dichotomous or single-filter instruments [1, 48]), medium-volume or low-volume samplers (operated to ensure collection of sufficient aerosol mass [37, 50]). Samples were always stored at low temperamres (refrigerated or frozen) to ensure sample preservation. 

To verify this hypothesis, low volume samplers have been operated in parallel with the air pollution control district s Km samplers. The samples collected were analyzed optically for elemental carbon and by the Gamma Ray Analysis of Light Elements (GRALE) technique for total carbon. These data were used to assess the concentration of elemental and total carbon aerosols present during the winter months in Los Angeles. It was established that the Km samplers can be calibrated to read elemental carbon concentrations. This calibration can be used to reconstruct historical elemental carbon levels at seven sites in Los Angeles. 

The protocol focuses on the preparation of collected particulate samples and provides guidance in the selection of a suitable collection technique. Particulate collection methods were not specified because the selection and implementation of those methods are source-dependent. Potential air-sampling techniques include the standard high-volume (Hi-Vol) samplers (4), massive-volume samplers (5), medium-volume samplers, low-volume samplers, and ultra-high-volume samplers (6). 

The choice of low volume samplers at TNB, during the three first... 

At Eneide and South Base high volume samplers were used, while at Skua Lake and East Base low volume samplers were still in use (see above). As a consequence, different background levels, due to different filters and different detection limits, were measured. 

Figure 5 Example of sampler configurations for (a) low-volume (0.1-5L min ) and (b) high-volume (>5-100Lmin ) determination of trapping efficiency for semi-volatile pesticides, and (c) low-volume (0.1-5 L min ) trapping efficiency for volatile pesticides...

Early studies using resins for isolation and analysis of trace organics, such as pesticides, PCBs, and organic acids, from small volumes of water showed excellent recovery and the potential of easy application to environmental samples. Isotherm studies in distilled water were used to define the sampling parameters for quantitative analysis of these compounds. Later, studies using resin samplers for large-volume environmental samples were extrapolated from the early low-volume resin work of Junk et al. (5,14) and Thurman et al. (27) (see Table I). 

The cleaning and blanking of early large-volume samplers of Bean et al. (16), Harvey (4), McNeil et al. (20), and Osterroht (6) did not undergo quality assurance observations and results from low-volume... 

Another problem encountered was the impurity content of the filter paper used in the high volume samplers to collect the particulate samples. The conventional filter material used by EPA was glass fiber filter media. However, this was not compatible with INAA because of its high and varied impurity content. Discussions with K. Rahn of the Ford Reactor at the University of Michigan revealed that Whatman-41 filter paper was the most desirable medium for use with INAA (see Ref. 2). Our analyses showed Whatman-41 to be very low in impurities with consistent impurity levels from batch to batch. Average impurity levels, based on 12 batch analyses, are shown in Table III. Although the levels for calcium, chlorine, sodium, aluminum, and iron appear large, they rarely affected elemental levels found in filtered particulates. Impurity levels did not vary more than 25% from the mean. 

A very low detection limit, >1 ng/m3 may be achieved using a 24-h sampling period, sampling over 5000 L ambient air. Such a high volume sampler consists... 

Classical liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extractions are recently receiving additional examination, as new injection techniques for GC have made very simple, low-volume extractions feasible. Recently, several commercial systems for large-volume liquid injections (up to 150 pL all at once, or up to 1 to 2 mL over a short period of time) have become available. When combined with robotic sampling systems, these have become powerful tools in the trace analysis of a variety of sample types. Due to its simplicity, classical liquid-liquid extraction is often the method of choice for sample preparation. Some of the robotic samplers available for this type of analysis, such as the LEAP Technologies Combi-PAL robotic sampler, which has been licensed by several instrument vendors, are also capable of performing automated SPME and SHE. 

Plugs of the foam may also be deployed in low-volume (63), high volume (61), or multiple air samplers (60). Foam preparation is similar to that of the XAD s, and its commercial availability through local sources is a distinct advantage. 

Vasconcelos MTSD, Taveres HMF. 1998. Atmospheric metal pollution (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Oporto City derived from results for low-volume aerosol samplers and for the moss Sphagnum auriculatum bioindicator. Sci Total Environ 212 11 -20. 

Low volume powder In operation the sampler is Used for small quantity of... 

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