Loss-free

In order to determine the effect of air on fluorescence loss, free films of polymer 1 (15 ym thick) were placed in a quartz cuvette, which was evacuated prior to excitation in the fluorescence spectrophotometer. Although the initial loss constant was not determined accurately, both constants (entry 4) were substantially smaller in vacuo relative to air. Fluorescence loss from correspondingly thick films in air is provided in entry 5. 

In the empirical correlation proposed by Kishidaka15041 for two-jet atomizers, melt nozzle diameter and physical properties, water velocity, and water to melt ratio are included. The constant A is again a function of atomizer geometry. The water velocity may be estimated with the following equation assuming loss-free water flow in the water nozzle(s) ... 

Yield is given on a loss-free basis. It refers to the sum of benzene soluble, phenanthrene soluble, and phenanthrene insoluble fractions. 

Drip loss, free drip, or thaw exudate Amount of liquid expelled from a sample without the application of an external force over a specified time interval Drip loss (%) = (drip volume/initial sample weight) x 100 Advantages Simple test requiring little equipment. Commonly used for meat products. Disadvantages Test may take 24 hr to complete. If not controlled, results may be influenced by environmental conditions, such as relative humidity or temperature. Hon ikel (1987)... 

A further resonance effect depends upon the dimensions of the specimen and so is referred to as dimensional resonance . The explanation is as follows. In a loss-free medium the propagation velocity for electromagnetic waves is given by... 

Assuming loss-free sweep-out of the carriers due to the driving force of the electrical field, the drift current is given by... 

Fig. 5.17 Transient currents from step voltages across (a) a loss-free dielectric, (b) a conductor, (c) a dielectric with dipolar relaxation, and (d) a dielectric with dipolar relaxation and conduction.

According to Lossing °, free radical formation amounts to at least 95 % of the dissociation in the mercury-sensitized photolysis of mixtures of CD3CDO and CH3CHO. Blacet and Brinton, as well as Ausloos andSteacie have investigated the photolysis of CH3CDO. Their results are in accordance with a free radical mechanism. 

Sealing the roll nip A successful roll press operation requires a loss-free buildup of pressure in the nip and a minimum leakage of uncompacted material. To provide a reasonably closed volume in which these conditions are fulfilled, cheek plates (Figure 282) seal the sides of the rolls. While designs vary with the manufacturer, cheek plates are basically heart-shaped steel plates which are kept in a close position to the sides of the rolls. Sometimes special shoulders are provided forming a simple labyrinth. 

Pottie, R.F..A.G. Harrison, and F. P. Lossing Free Radicals by Mass Spectrometry XXII. Primary Decomposition Steps in the Mercury-Photosensitized Decomposition of Methanol and Dimethyl Ether. Can. J. Chem. 39, 102 (1961). 

Accurate Chinese production figures are difficult to obtain however, it is estimated that the total production capacity of magnesia in China is about 2.7 Mt per annum. This comprises of 1.8 Mt of dead-burned magnesia and 900,000 tonnes of caustic-calcined magnesia. The purity of the magnesite ranges from 91 to 98% loss-free MgO content. 

Now at frequencies below a few hundred MHz, the typical capacitor used in NMR is virtually loss free and r is equal to the resistance of the wire in the coil and possibly of a cable between L and C. Since this is a small number, the series tank circuit requires additional circuitry to raise the impedance to match, for example, to a preamplifier with a 50 ohm input. [The need to present a certain impedance arises because the S/N of the preamplifier depends on this impedance Thus, this is an important matching condition.]... 

It is essential that the difference of the energy brought in and the energy exhausted is loss-free transformed. Of course, this is not possible in practice, but the efforts of engineers go all into this direction, e.g., by bearing the wheel as loss free as possible. 

We also assume that both the energy transfer from the subsystem (R2) to the paddle wheel, the machine, and the delivery of energy from the paddle wheel into the other subsystem (NA), occurs loss free. The two mentioned subsystems R2), (Ri) serve as reservoirs and are idealized. So that we mean that the intensive variable associated with the energy form under consideration does not change, if we remove from or add energy into the reservoir. In the case of paddle wheel a reservoir is required that does not change the water level, if we take or add water. 

Actually, it is not of interest whether the energy is transformed free of loss or not into the subsystem (NA). It is important that the energy goes away from the machine. If we want to allow the process run in the reverse direction, then it is also important that the transfer into the subsystem (NA) takes place loss free from the paddle wheel and in reverse direction. We require thus with the machine works in both direction of the process equally thus we want a complete reversibility of the process. 

The resonator with the highest symmetry is the spherical resonator. A treatment of oscillations in a spherical cavity was already given by Rayleigh in 1894 A recent discussion may be found in Ref. In the simple loss-free model, sound is described by the homogeneous wave equation ... 

The low pressure allows the synthesis gas to be used directly imder its normal production conditions, so that investments for compressors and high-pressure reactors can be saved. However, the economic advantages are strongly dependent on the lifetime of the expensive catalysts, and loss-free catalyst recovery is of crucial importance [14]. 

The economics of the process depend on loss-free rhodium recycling, which is now readily achievable. A disadvantage is the corrosivity of the iodide, which requires the use of expensive stainless steels for all plant components. Up to now, alternatives such as replacement of the halogen or immobilization of the catalyst have not proved feasible. 

FIGURE 3.60 Charge density versus electric field, (a) Loss-free cycle, (b) High-loss cycle, (c) Phase shift in a perfect capacitor, (d) Phase shift in a real capacitor. 

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