Loss defined

Now, the Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss defines the friction factor,/ ... 

The alteration of several titanate ceramics in pure water at 90 °C has been investigated by Leturcq et al. (2001). These experiments were performed under conditions of high surface area to volume ratio and lasted for over one year without replacement of the solution. Starting materials included melted Synroc-like materials and hot pressed Synroc-C. This study reported the normalized elemental mass losses, defined by the equation ... 

Disaster A sudden, unplanned calamitous event that creates an inability on an organization s part to provide critical business functions for some period of time, which results in great damage or loss. [Defined for this book.]... 

One of the important factor determining the use of thin trims in optics, particularly in waveguiding configuration are propagation losses defined as... 

Complications recorded in a recent outbreak involving 147 symptomatic cases of Q fever included 2 of acute endocarditis, 2 of renal failure, and 1 of reactive polyarthropathy.65 Persistent nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue and malaise, were reported in 32% of the patients in this series, while weight loss (defined as > 7 kg) was identified in 71%, although none developed serologic evidence... 

For the insurance industry it is defined as the amount the insurer is required to pay because of a judgment, by virtue of the terms of the insurance contract. Business operations usually have loss defined as the entire property damage and may also include business interruption impacts. 

Dielectric Loss Index. A measure of a dielectric loss defined by the product of the power factor and the permittivity (dielectric constant). 

The heated gas coefficients were determined in the same manner as the subcooled liquid coefficients. For each heated gas data point, a corresponding model generated saturated bubble point was calculated at each liquid temperature. For a given screen, pressurant gas, and cryogenic liquid, the heated gas loss, defined as the ratio of bubble point pressures ... 

Constant neutral loss, define n scan desired range metastable or CID scan range shifted by Am to low mass... 

Brito et al. (2010) argue that the expected value of loss, defined as the risk, should be established for each pipeline section and for each criterion, and enables the decision maker s attitude in relation to risk to be incorporated by eliciting the utility function. In this context, the interval scale for L 6, x) and r(x ) is defined as [-1,0], where -1 is associated with lowest risk and 0 with the highest risk. 

Note that for confined flow, the appearance of a critical Reynolds number or diameter for ReD < ReD opu the contribution to the rate of entropy production of heat transfer is large in comparison with the irreversibilities due to speed o q > Q y. The situation is reversed for ReD > ReD opt this case, viscosity losses predominate o > b q. This indicates that the rate or irreversible entropy production in the frictional losses (defining the drop in pressure) increase more rapidly with speed than the losses due to heat transfer by convection. 

Schroder, U. and Harnisch, F. (2010) Electrochemical losses defining BES performance, in Bioelectrochemical Systems From Extracellular Electron Tranter to Biotechnological Application (eds K. Rabaey, L. Angenent, U. Schroder, and J. Keller), IWA Publishing, London. 

As with the case of byproduct losses, another cost needs to be added to the tradeoffs when there is a purge. This is a raw materials efficiency cost due to purge losses. If the PRODUCT formation is constant, this cost can be defined to be ... 

The economic lifetime was introduced in Section 13.3, and was defined as the point at which the annual cashflow turned permanently negative. This is the time at which income from production no longer exceeds the costs of production, and marks the point when decommissioning should occur, since it does not make economic sense to continue to run a loss-making venture. Technically, the production of hydrocarbons could continue beyond this point but only by accepting financial losses. There are two ways to defer decommissioning ... 

Franklin defined charge as positive or negative in the way we understand the loss or gain of electrons by mechanically rubbing surfaces together. His definition still stands. 

Rejection criteria for the ropes resulting in durability loss, are defined by the regulations character and number of wires broken strand breakes friction wear corrosion ... 

Since any DAC is defined by its coordinates P (Ai,S ) and the instrument sensitivity Gg f (reference gain) during DAC recording, any recalculation of the curve including the consideration of individual corrections (transfer loss, sound attenuation, etc.) is an easy task for modern PC based flaw detectors and does no longer burden the operator. 

Since and depend only on die valence charge densities, they can be detennined once the valence pseudo- wavefiinctions are known. Because the pseudo-wavefiinctions are nodeless, the resulting pseudopotential is well defined despite the last temi in equation Al.3.78. Once the pseudopotential has been constructed from the atom, it can be transferred to the condensed matter system of interest. For example, the ionic pseudopotential defined by equation Al.3.78 from an atomistic calculation can be transferred to condensed matter phases without any significant loss of accuracy. 

For optical transmission, tire parameters of greatest importance are attenuation (i.e. loss) and material dispersion. In effect tliey define tire limits of tire optical communication system. Loss, due to absorjDtion and scattering, limits tire lengtlis between tire transmission nodes. In transmission quality fibre, tire loss is in units of decibels per kilometre. 

Once prepared in S q witli well defined energy E, donor molecules will begin to collide witli batli molecules B at a rate detennined by tire batli-gas pressure. A typical process of tliis type is tire collision between a CgFg molecule witli approximately 5 eV (40 000 cm or 460 kJ mor ) of internal vibrational energy and a CO2 molecule in its ground vibrationless state 00 0 to produce CO2 in tire first asymmetric stretch vibrational level 00 1 [11,12 and 13]. This collision results in tire loss of approximately AE= 2349 cnA of internal energy from tire CgFg,... 

A fourth hierarchical method that is quite popular is Ward s method [Ward 1963]. This method merges those two clusters whose fusion minimises the information toss due to the fusion. Information loss is defined in terms of a function rvhich fdr each cluster i corresponds to the total sum of squared deviations from the mean of the cluster ... 

The difficulties of working with small quantities of liquids are much greater than with small quantities of solids. For example a competent worker can, and does in fact, often work with 100 mg, of solid without any special apparatus. With liquids this is often not practicable because of the much greater losses entailed, particularly when it is realised that one ordinary-sized drop weighs about 50-100 mg. The account which follows gives details of modifications of standard apparatus suitable for the semi-micro scale defined above. 

Xps is a surface sensitive technique as opposed to a bulk technique because electrons caimot travel very far in soHds without undergoing energy loss. Thus, even though the incident x-rays penetrate the sample up to relatively large depths, the depth from which the electron information is obtained is limited by the "escape depth" of the photoemitted electrons. This surface sensitivity of xps is quantitatively defined by the inelastic mean free path parameter which is given the symbol X. This parameter is defined to be the distance an electron travels before engaging in an interaction in which it experiences an energy loss. 

The hazard posed can be limited by maintaining a zone free of people and property around a storage area of explosive material. The minimum radius of the zone depends on the type and quantity of explosive, the extent and type of barrica ding, and the magnitude of loss that would be encountered if an explosive incident occurred. The maximum distance to which hazardous explosive effects propagate depends on the blast overpressure created, which as a first approximation is a function of the cube root of the explosive weight, W. This is termed the quantity distance and is defined as... 

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