Loops organizing

Ansel KM, Ngo VN, Hyman PL, et al. A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles. Nature 2000 406 309-314. 

Phenix (France) 2 1 per loop organic liquid organic liquid... 

Reorganizing the loops on your hard drive is also a good idea. A typical loop CD from Sonic Foundry might be organized such that loop files are buried a level or two into the tree. For example, a library named Techno Basics might have loops organized like this ... 

The purified acid is recovered from the loaded organic stream by contacting with water in another countercurrent extraction step. In place of water, an aqueous alkafl can be used to recover a purified phosphate salt solution. A small portion of the purified acid is typically used in a backwashing operation to contact the loaded organic phase and to improve the purity of the extract phase prior to recovery of the purified acid. Depending on the miscibility of the solvent with the acid, the purified acid and the raffinate may be stripped of residual solvent which is recycled to the extraction loop. The purified acid can be treated for removal of residual organic impurities, stripped of fluoride to low (10 ppm) levels, and concentrated to the desired P2 s Many variations of this basic scheme have been developed to improve the extraction of phosphate and rejection of impurities to the raffinate stream, and numerous patents have been granted on solvent extraction processes. 

The R D function itself will be organized from company to company in very different ways. In some firms, the responsibiUty for innovation will be broadly shared and a distinct R D unit may cease to exist. In others, technical developments from an R D lab will be the principal source of innovation for the business. In still others, the primary task of the R D or technology group will be to obtain technology from outside the firm. Those involved in R D will need to make certain that their knowledge and talents impact the business irrespective of their precise function. The innovation process will become less linear (Fig. 8) as more feedback loops, technology transfer, and cooperative efforts are involved. 

The memory subsystem on most supercomputers is organized to support maximum performance on loops of stride one, or when the elements of an array are accessed sequentially with no gaps. In general, the stride is defined by... 

Figure 5.23 The globular head of the hemagglutinin subunit Is a distorted jelly roll stmcture (a). P strand 1 contains a long Insertion, and P strand 8 contains a bulge in the corresponding position. Each of these two strands is therefore subdivided Into shorter P strands. The loop region between P strands 3 and 4 contains a short a helix, which forms one side of the receptor binding site (yellow circle). A schematic diagram (b) Illustrates the organization of the p strands into a jelly roll motif.

Figure 13.6 Schematic diagram of Go. from transducin with a bound GTP analog. The polypeptide chain is organized Into two domains a catalytic domain (light red) with a structure similar to Ras, and a helical domain (green) which is an Insert in the loop between al and P2. There are three switch regions (violet) that have different conformations in the different catalytic states of Go.. The GTP analog (brown) Is bound to the catalytic domain in a cleft between the two domains. (Adapted from J. Noel et al.. Nature 366 654-663, 1993.)...

One example of normal-phase liquid chromatography coupled to gas chromatography is the determination of alkylated, oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in urban air particulate extracts (97). Since such extracts are very complex, LC-GC is the best possible separation technique. A quartz microfibre filter retains the particulate material and supercritical fluid extraction (SPE) with CO2 and a toluene modifier extracts the organic components from the dust particles. The final extract is then dissolved in -hexane and analysed by NPLC. The transfer at 100 p.1 min of different fractions to the GC system by an on-column interface enabled many PACs to be detected by an ion-trap detector. A flame ionization detector (PID) and a 350 p.1 loop interface was used to quantify the identified compounds. The experimental conditions employed are shown in Table 13.2. 

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