Long Term Intervention with Disease study

The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group, Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998 339 1349-1357. 

The purpose of altering plasma lipoprotein levels is to reduce the risk of coronary events. The results of outcome trials are available for lovastatin (Downs et al, 1998), simvastatin (Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group 1994), and pravastatin (Shepherd et al, 1995 Sacks et al, 1996 The Long-Term Intervention With Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group, 1998). Three of these trials, 4S, Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE), and LIPID, studied patients with CHD, whereas the West of Scotland Coronary Revention Study Group and the Air Force Coronary Atherosclesosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS) evaluated the benefits of therapy in patients without known CHD. The main results of these trials are summarized in Tables la and lb. 

Reid IR, Hague W, Emberson J, et al. Effect of pravastatin on frequency of fracture in the LIPID study Secondary analysis of a randomised, controlled trial. Long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischaemic disease. Lancet 2001 357 509-512. 

With the advent of the statin class of drugs, lowering of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to a meaningful degree became clinically achievable in most patients with vascular disease. There have been three large trials of statins in secondary prevention of MI (61) the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) study, the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study, and the Scandinavian... 

A cohort study is a prospective analysis of a population with a particular disease. Participants who are exposed to the study drug and those who are not on treatment are followed for a period of time and observed for development of the disease or result. Information on exposure is known throughout the follow-up period for each patient. The classic example is the use of anthracycline in childhood cancer. A long-term, non-interventional, observational follow-up of 607 children has shown that 5% of patients develop clinical cardiac failure 15 years after treatment. The risk increases with the increase in cumulative doses (Kremer et al., 2001). Once a treatment is associated with certain toxicities, researchers can look at ways to minimise the effect. The relationship... 

---