LIPID study

R5. Rosenberg, I. N., Serum lipids studied by electrophoresis on paper. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 80, 751 (1952). 

The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group, Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998 339 1349-1357. 

The purpose of altering plasma lipoprotein levels is to reduce the risk of coronary events. The results of outcome trials are available for lovastatin (Downs et al, 1998), simvastatin (Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group 1994), and pravastatin (Shepherd et al, 1995 Sacks et al, 1996 The Long-Term Intervention With Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group, 1998). Three of these trials, 4S, Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE), and LIPID, studied patients with CHD, whereas the West of Scotland Coronary Revention Study Group and the Air Force Coronary Atherosclesosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS) evaluated the benefits of therapy in patients without known CHD. The main results of these trials are summarized in Tables la and lb. 

Gibbs, A. and Crowe, J.H. (1991). Intra-individual variation in cuticular lipids studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy../. Insect Physiol., 37, 743-748. 

In order to achieve thorough fundamental understanding of bio molecular self-assembly, it is imperative to study ID tape-like self-assembly not only in bulk solution but also at interfaces. An example of a biologically relevant interface is that of the lipid bilayer. Systematic peptide-lipid studies have begun to offer an insight into the basic principles and mechanisms of interactions of selfassembling peptides with model lipid layers (Protopapa et al., 2006). 

In Fig. 7-4 the v(C=C) stretch is located at 1,660 cm-1, indicating that most of the fatty acids studied are in the cis configuration around the v(C=C) bond. Figure 7-6 plots the iodine number vs. the ratio of the intensities of 7i658/7i443. As the iodine number increases the intensity ratio also increases, indicative of increasing cis-type unsaturated fatty acids in the lipids studied. Table 7-1 shows the iodine number and the percentage of fatty acids present in the fats described earlier. 

Raemy, A., Froelicher, I. and Loeliger, J. 1987. Oxidation of Lipids Studied by Isothermal Heat Flux Calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta, 114,159-164. 

Proposed more than 20 years ago, the stalk intermediate—a highly curved lipid stmcture— provides the most plausible description of the initial fusion stage currently available. The related stalk-pore mechanism (23-25) of fusion is viewed favorably by most researchers. It shows the close relation between fusion and the transition from lamellar into bilayer cubic and hexagonal phases (see Fig. 4 in the section entitled Formation of nonlamellar phases in membrane lipids ). Studies on the rhombohedral phase formed in partially dehydrated lipids provide another insight into the possible structure of fusion stalks (26). 

Deverall MA, Gindl E, Sinner EK, Besir H, Ruche J, Saxton MJ, Naumann CA. Membrane lateral mobility obstructed by 57. polymer-tethered lipids studied at the single molecule level. Biophys. J. 2005 88 1875-1886. 

The chemical structures of the lipid studied are shown in the Fig. 1. There are two different types of behavior for monolayers from those lipid mixtures (i) solid film formation with relatively low pressure of a collapse (cholesterol rich monolayers) and (ii) viscous elastic film formation, when the concentration of CHL is less 30% in the monolayer. The character of the behavior of a monolayer is quite similar upon replacing of CHL by Q3P, though the LB film morphology is essentially different. 

Since diabetes mellitus is an insidious disorder, testing of asymptomatic patients may be desirable under certain conditions, including age 45 years or older obesity first-degree relatives of diabetics members of high-risk ethnic population (e.g.. Native American, Hispanic, African-American) women who have delivered an infant weighing more than 9 lb (4.08 kg) or have had gestational diabetes mellitus hypertension abnormal lipid studies recurring... 

Despres, J. R, Golay, A., Sjostrom, L. Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. New Engl. J. Med. 2005, 353, 2121-2134. and the Rio-lipids Study Group... 

Stith, I.E. and Das, S.K. (1981). Pulmonary surfactant lipids studies on cholinephosphotransferase in developing guinea pig lung. Indian Biologist 13, 120-8. 

Reid IR, Hague W, Emberson J, et al. Effect of pravastatin on frequency of fracture in the LIPID study Secondary analysis of a randomised, controlled trial. Long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischaemic disease. Lancet 2001 357 509-512. 

For a number of reasons, a great deal of effort has been directed to the degradation of alkanoic acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate are fermentation products of carbohydrates and are metabolites of the aerobic degradation of alklanes and related compounds, while long-chain acids are produced by the hydrolysis of lipids. Studies on the degradation of alkanoic adds have been carried out using both pure cultures and syntrophic associations that have been discussed in Section 4.5.1. 

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