Local cerebral glucose utilization

Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C. etal. The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. J. Neurochem. 28 897-916,1977. 

Nehlig A, Lucignani G, Kadekaro M, Porrino U, Sokoloff L. (1984). Effects of acute administration of caffeine on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. EurJ Pharmacol. 101(1-2) 91-100. 

Schroeder H, Boyet S, Nehlig A. (1989). Effects of caffeine and doxapram perfusion on local cerebral glucose utilization in conscious rats. EurJ Pharmacol. 167(2) 245-54. 

London ED, ConnoUy RJ, Szikszay M, Wamsley JK, Dam M (1988) Effects of nicotine on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat, J Neurosci 8 3920-3928 Markou A (2008) Neurobiology of nicotine dependence, Phil Trans R Soc B 363 3159-3168 Marks Ml, Stitzel JA, Romm E, Wehner JM, Collins AC (1986) Nicotinic binding sites in rat and mouse brain comparison of acetylchohne, nicotine, and alpha-bungarotoxin. Mol Pharmacol 30 427 36... 

As shown in Figure (1), injected [uC]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([UC]DG) is transported toward cerebral tissue through the Mood brain barrier and then phosphorylated into [MC]DG-diphosphate ([l4C]DG-6P), which accumulates in the cells. Measuring radioactivity in brain sections by autoradiography, it is possible to calculate local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) [116]. 

McCulloch J., Savaki H. E., Jehle J., and Sokoloff L. (1982) Local cerebral glucose utilization in hypothermic and hyperthermic rats. J. Neurochem. 39, 255-258. 

Yoshino A., Hovda D. A., Kawamata T., Katayama Y., and Becker D. P. (1991) Dynamic changes in local cerebral glucose utilization following cerebral conclusion in rats evidence of a hyper- and subsequent hypometabolic state. Brain Res. 561, 106-119. 

Morelli M, Pontieri F, Linfante I, Orzi F, Di Chiara G (1993c) Local cerebral glucose utilization after Dl receptor stimulation in 6-OHDA lesioned rats effect of sensitization (priming) with a dopaminergic agonist. Synapse 73 264-269... 

Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization induced by convulsants. Neuroscience 14 823-35. 

Suzuki, R., Yamaguchi, T., Kirino, T., Orzi, F., and Klatzo, I., The effects of 5-minute ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. I. Blood-brain barrier, cerebral blood flow, and local cerebral glucose utilization changes, Acta Neuropathol., 60, 207, 1983. 

Freedland CS, Whitlow CT, MUler MD, Porrino LJ (2002) Dose-dependent effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in rat. Synapse 45 134-142... 

An investigation of the cardiovascular effects of 117 in dogs found that use of a low dose continual infusion, rather than a bolus administration, may reduce undesirable cardiovascular effects [336]. Arecoline increased mean arterial blood pressure [337] and selectively increased local cerebral glucose utilization in the hippocampus and median raphe [338], In general, the effect of 117 on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization correlated well, but uncoupled effects were observed in some regions, such as the hippocampus [339]. 

Kennedy, C., Sakurada, O., Shinohara, M., Jehle, J. and Sok-oloff, L. (1978) Local cerebral glucose utilization in the normal conscious Macaque monkey. Ann. Neurol. 4 293-301. 

Pazdernik TL, Cross RS, Giesler M, Samson FE, Nelson SR. Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization induced by convulsants. Neuroscience. 1985 14 823-835. 

A full and detailed description of the theoretical basis and operational details for the use of 2-deoxyglucose in the determination of rates of local cerebral glucose utilization has been published (Sokoloff et a/., 1977). Subsequently, a number of detailed reviews have appeared in which various aspects of this particular methodology have been emphasized (Sokoloff, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1981), and these provide the reader with an appreciation of the technical advances made since the original description of the deoxyglucose technique (Sokoloff et ai, 1977). 

Values are expressed as mean glucose utilization (p.mol/100 g/min) SEM. Sham animals (n = 7) had been subjected to intrastriatal injections of 2 (il of CSF 10 days prior to measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization. Lesioned animals (n = 6) had been subjected to intrastriatal injections of 2 p.g of kainic acid 10 days prior to the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization. Sham-lesioned animals are significantly lower in every region, except in internal capsule, from control animals (n = 9) in which no stereotaxic surgery was performed. 

In this section, the effects upon local cerebral glucose utilization of various manipulations (anesthetics, convulsants, and others), in which the primary objective was not to manipulate a single neurotransmitter system,... 

McCulloch, 1981a). The extent to which the alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization to apomorphine were modified by chloral hydrate anesthesia serves to emphasize the caution which must be exercised in extrapolating information obtained in anesthetized animals to that which occurs in the conscious animal. 

Several investigators have examined the effects of ketamine (which, like phencyclidine, produces disassociative anesthesia) upon local cerebral glucose utilization (Nelson et ai, 1980 Crosby et ai, 1981 Lund et al., 1981). There is general agreement between these authors as to the actions of ketamine and the effects of this agent upon local glucose utilization... 

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