Local cerebral blood flow

In other applications of CT, orally administered barium sulfate or a water-soluble iodinated CM is used to opacify the GI tract. Xenon, atomic number 54, exhibits similar x-ray absorption properties to those of iodine. It rapidly diffuses across the blood brain barrier after inhalation to saturate different tissues of brain as a function of its lipid solubility. In preliminary investigations (99), xenon gas inhalation prior to brain CT has provided useful information for evaluations of local cerebral blood flow and cerebral tissue abnormalities. Xenon exhibits an anesthetic effect at high concentrations but otherwise is free of physiological effects because of its nonreactive nature. 

Terminal activity causes an increase in local cerebral blood flow that can be quantified by measuring the accompanying increase in tissue oxygen. Alkaline pH changes... 

Cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization Local cerebral blood flow is increased by ginkgo extract in multiple regions of the brain in conscious rats (Kriegistein et al. 1986). Ginkgo increases cerebral blood flow in humans as well (Heiss and Podreka 1978). 

Nehlig A, Pereira de Vasconcelos A, Dumont I, Boyet S. (1990). Effects of caffeine, L-phenylisopropyladenosine and their combination on local cerebral blood flow in the rat. EurJ Pharmacol. 179(3) 271-80. 

Marion D, Puccio A, Wisniewski S, Kochanek P, Dixon C, et al. 2002. Effect of hyperventilation on extracellular concentrations of glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, and local cerebral blood flow in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Grit Care Med 30(12) 2619-2625. 

The synthesis of 170, widely used for PET measurement of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF)204,205 has been improved206 (equation 101). 170 is cleared rapidly from the body by exhalation. 2-3% of the radioactivity remains in the body after inhalation from an air bag, or after i.v. injection in saline. 

Kahveci F. S., Kahveci N., Alkan T., Goren B., Korfali E., and Ozluk K. (2001) Propofol versus isoflurane anesthesia under hypothermic conditions effects on intracranial pressure and local cerebral blood flow after diffuse traumatic brain injury in the rat. Surg. Neurol. 56, 206-214. 

Peri-infarct edema reduces local cerebral blood flow and causes brain shift and herniation, the last being the most common neurological cause of death. This complication is a common explanation for worsening over the first few days and can often be detected by CT scan. Intravenous mannitol may reduce the deficit for a while but is unlikely to have a major impact on outcome. Recently, surgical decompression using hemicraniectomy has been shown to improve survival, with satisfactory functional outcome in many patients (Ch. 21). 

Sakurada O, Kennedy C, Jehle J, Brown JD, Carbin GL, Sokoloff L (1978) Measurement of local cerebral blood flow with iodo [ 14C] antipyrine. Am J Physiol 234 H59-66... 

An investigation of the cardiovascular effects of 117 in dogs found that use of a low dose continual infusion, rather than a bolus administration, may reduce undesirable cardiovascular effects [336]. Arecoline increased mean arterial blood pressure [337] and selectively increased local cerebral glucose utilization in the hippocampus and median raphe [338], In general, the effect of 117 on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization correlated well, but uncoupled effects were observed in some regions, such as the hippocampus [339]. 

Abdul-Rahman A, Agardh CD, Siesjb BK. Local cerebral blood flow in the rat during severe hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose injection. Acta Physiol Scand 1980. 109 307-314... 

McCulloch, J., Kelly, P. A. T., Grome, J. J., and Pickard, J. D., 19826, Indomethacin and the coupling of local cerebral blood flow and local cerebral glucose utilization. Am. J. Physiol, in press. 

Ingvar, M., Siesjo, B. K., 1981 Cell damage in sustained seizures role of local cerebral blood flow and local metabolic rate. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (Suppl. 1) 7, S98-S99. 

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