Liver Xenopus

Figure 7. Video-enhanced DIC microscopy of rat liver Golgi apparatus membrane networks moving along microtubules using Xenopus egg microtubule motors (Allan and Vale, 1994). Top panel membrane extension with a bulbous terminus (arrow) attached to a microtubule (arrow heads). Middle panel same field two seconds later. The membrane has advanced about 3 pm along the microtubule (arrow). Bottom panel membrane has now advanced further along the microtubule (arrow). Bar = 2 pm.

Schroeder, A., et al. Substrate specificity of the rat liver Na(+)-bile salt cotransporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in CHO cells. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 274, G370-G375. 

Honscha, W., Schuiz, K., Muller, D., Petzinger, E., Two different mRNAs from rat liver code for the transport of bumetanide and taurocholate in Xenopus laevis oocytes, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1993, 246, 227-232. 

Newt, Triturus cristatus, adults, held in tank with a zinc-plated base South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis 200 to 3000 overa 7-day period Zinc-poisoned newts were lethargic, ate poorly, and had skin darkening prior to death. Zinc residues were elevated in kidney, brain, liver, and intestine, when compared to controls. The hippocampus region of the brain of poisoned newts contained zinc-rich cells 82... 

South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Fed worms from lead-contaminated soils Bone Skin Muscle Kidney Liver... 

A connexin with a molecular weight of 30 kD (Cx30) has been isolated and cloned from xenopus liver and was also found in the lung, intestine, stomach and kidney of xenopus [Gimlich et ah, 1988]. The C terminus is enlarged to 58 amino acids. The N terminus contains 22 amino acids. The amino acid sequence is also given in figure 6. 

Peracchia C, Shen L Gap junction channel reconstitution in artificial bilayers and evidence for calmodulin binding sites in MIP26 and connexins from rat heart, liver and xenopus embryo in Hall JE, Zampighi GA, Davis RM (eds) Gap Junctions. Progress in Cell Research, vol 3. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1993, pp 163-170. 

Amphibia embryo of clawed toad (Xenopus laevis)b 104 400 liver of newt (Triturus vulgaris and T. cristatus)e 106 about 30,000. 

Gould GW, Thomas HM, Jess TJ, Bell GI (1991), Expression of human glucose transporters in Xenopus oocytes. Kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms, Biochemistry 30 5139-5145. 

In other cases post-transcriptional effects of antioestrogens have been observed. Antioestrogens induce low levels of vitellogenin mRNA in Xenopus liver even... 

HagenbuchB, Lubbert H, StiegerB, Meier PJ (1990) Expression of the hepatocyte Na+/bile acid cotransporter in xenopus laevis oocytes. J Biol Chem 265 5357-5360 Kullak-Ublick GA, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B (1995) Molecular and functional characterization of an organic anion transporting polypeptide cloned from human liver. Gastroenterology 109 1274-1282... 

Hew and Yip (1976) have shown that a 6-10 S, poly(A)-rich RNA from the flounder contained mRNA for the synthesis of the antifreeze protein. When injected into Xenopus oocyte, the RNA preparation from the fish liver polysomes stimulated a 4-fold incorporation of [3H]alanine into the antifreeze protein fraction (Table XXII). 

Nakamura, K., S. Yonezawa and N. Yoshizaki. Vitellogenesis-related ovary cathepsin D from Xenopus laevis. purification and properties in comparison with liver cathepsin D. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113B 835-840, 1996. 

The first PPAR was reported by Issemann and Green30 in rodents. To date, three distinct PPARs, encoded by three distinct genes have been identified PPARa, PPAR/3, and PPARy. These isoforms have different tissue distributions, with PPARa expressed primarily in liver, heart and kidney, PPARy in brown and white adipose tissues, and PPAR/3 (also known as 8) is more ubiquitously expressed, but most abundant in the central nervous system14,17,35. The role of each isoform is beyond the scope of this review as fibrate drugs are mainly PPARa-ligands14, only this form will be examined in detail here. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned that isoforms of the PPAR family have now been cloned from Xenopus laevis, a number of mammals49,50, as well as in some fish species1. 

Bartkowski, S., Zapp, D., Weber, H., Eberle, G., Zoidl, C., Senkel, S., Klein-Hitpass, L., and Ryffel, G. U. (1993) Developmental regulation and tissue distribution of the liver transcription factor LFB1 (HNF1) in Xenopus laevis. Mol. Cell Biol. 13, 421-431. 

In vitro studies with abdominal skin of Rana pipiens demonstrated that naphthalene inhibited sodium transport after exposure to 4.4mg/L for 30 min. Some data were available on biological effects of benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and perylene to reptiles and amphibians. Implantation of 1.5 mg of benzo[a]pyrene crystals into the abdominal cavity of adult South African clawed toads (Xenopus laevis) produced lymphosarcomas in 11 of the 13 toads (85%) ter 86-288 days. Immature toads were more resistant with only 45% bearing lymphoid tumors of liver, kidney, spleen, or abdominal muscle 272-310 days after implantation of 1.5 mg of benzo[a]pyrene crystals in the dorsal lymph sac or abdominal cavity. Implantation of 3-methylcholanthrene crystals into X. laevis provokes development of lymphoid tumors similar to those occurring naturally in this species moreover, these... 

The liver of male frogs is an excellent source of tissue to prepare nuclei-enriched fractions. The liver of adult females is not suitable because nuclei-enriched fractions are usually contaminated by pigment and yolk platelets. Male frogs of many varieties Xenopus, Bufo, Pleurodema, etc.) are also suitable for... 

Total liver Weight (TLW) and Nuclear Pellet Weight (NPW) from a Male Xenopus laepis"... 

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