Liver surgical resection

Kemeny MM, Adak S, Gray B, et al (2002) Combined-modality treatment for resectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver surgical resection of hepatic metastases in combination with continuous infusion of chemotherapy an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 20 1499-1505... 

Walker, N.I., Horn, M.J., Strong, R.W., Lynch, S.V., Cohen, J., Ong, T.H., Harris, O.D. Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Pathologic findings and long-term survival after complete surgical resection. Cancer 1992 69 52-59... 

Rivoire, M., de Clan, F., Meeus, R, Negrier, S., Sebban, H., Kaemmer-len, R Combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cryotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases... 

Higgins, G.M., Anderson, R.M. Experimental pathology of the liver — I. Resection of the liver of the white rat following partial surgical removal. Arch. Pathol. 1931 12 186-202... 

TR while other tissues such as skin, liver, kidney, and lungs are capable of undergoing a TR upon surgical resection, mechanical, or chemical injury. 

The remarkable capacity of liver to regenerate upon surgical resection or toxicant-induced injury has... 

Complete surgical resection of discrete hepatic, pulmonary, abdominal, or brain metastases in patients with colorectal cancer, if possible, may offer selected patients an opportunity to experience extended DPS. Patients who have from one to three small nodules isolated to the liver, lungs, or abdomen have the most favorable outcome. Up to 25% of patients will present with hepatic metastases at time of diagnosis, and 60% of patients with colorectal cancer wfll develop hepatic metastases sometime during the course of their disease. 

The liver is the most frequent site of metastases as a result of the portal circulation and up to 60%-80% of patients with a history of colorectal carcinoma, pancreas carcinoma, breast cancer or other tumor types will develop metastases within the liver during the follow-up period [1]. There is no doubt that surgical resection of these metastases is the only potential curative option for these patients and is therefore considered as gold standard. However, due to anatomic or technical reasons or simple inoperability. 

Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with an incidence rate two- to three-fold higher in developing countries than in the industrialized world [1]. Prognosis has improved in the last two decades, mainly because of earlier detection of the disease, at stages were potentially curative therapies can be applied, including surgical resection, liver transplantation and either chemical... 

Primary or secondary liver cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and local tumor growth within the liver determines survival in a great number of patients [1]. Although surgical resection is considered to be the only curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastases confined to the liver, only a small number of patients are candidates for this type of treatment. In most cases, hepatic resection is not a therapeutic option owing to the size, number, or location of the lesions. Therefore, a number of palliative local treat-... 

With the exception of gastric cancer, surgical results for gastrointestinal primaries remain disappointing. Although pancreatic adenocarcinoma frequently metastasizes to the liver, hepatic resection for this disease has never been shown to result in a survival benefit [39]. 

Sakamoto Y, Ohyama S, Yamamoto J et al (2003) Surgical resection of liver metastases of gastric cancer an analysis of a 17-year experience with 22 patients. Surgery 133 507-511... 

Fig. 3.3.1. This flowchart illustrates the algorithm used for selecting the appropriate treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) including surgical resection, transplantation, radiofrequency ablation RFA)y transarte-rial chemoembolization (TAC ), new agents such as selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT)y systemic therapy and best supportive care. RFA is offered to patients with early-stage HCC with a single tumor smaller than 5 cm or as many as three lesions, each smaller than 3 cm, good performance status and evidence for neither vascular invasion nor extrahepatic tumor spread based on clinical and imaging flndings. (M Metastases, N nodules, PEI percutaneous ethanol injection, PST performance status test.) "Cadaveric liver transplantation or living donor liver transplantation With permission from Llovet et al. (2003) Lancet 362 1907-1917...

Between June 1993 and April 2007, 84 patients with 115 intrahepatic lesions were treated with MR-guided LITT. The male female ratio was 63 21 and 56 patients had percutaneous transarterial che-moembolization as their initial treatment. We also included patients with recurrent liver metastases after partial liver resection, patients with metastases in both liver lobes, patients with locally non-resect-able lesions, and patients who had general contraindications for surgery or refused surgical resection. 

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