Liver lipid concentrations

HV154 Oda T, S. Aoe, S. Imanishi, Y. Kanazawa, H. Sanada and Y. Ayano. Effects of dietary oat, barley, and guar gums on serum and liver lipid concentrations in diet-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1994 40(2) 213-217. 

Manganese has a further role as a lipotropic agent. Amdur and associates (9) found that hepatic lipid concentration was increased by manganese deficiency. Plumlee et al. (10) conducted four experiments to determine the effect of manganese deficiency in swine and found that total body fat and liver lipid concentrations were increased by manganese deficiency. 

As can be seen in Figure 4, liver lipid concentrations were higher for rats fed high fat diets (within each level of dietary manganese) than for rats fed low fat diets. These differences were significant for each level of dietary manganese fed (P<0.05). 

Figure 4. Liver lipid concentrations (mg/g wet tissue) as affected by dietary manganese and fat.

Ikeda, I., Sugano, M., and Yoshida, K. 1993. Effects of chitosan hydrolysates on lipid absorption and on serum and liver lipid concentration in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41, 431-435. 

PLASMA AND LIVER LIPID CONCENTRATIONS AND FECAL OUTPUT OF NEUTRAL STEROLS ... 

Asai et al. (1999) determined that phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) are key products for oxidative injury in membranous phospholipid layers in the plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and liver of mice. The formation and accumulation of PLOOH have been confirmed in several cellular disorders, various diseases, and in aging. A lower PLOOH level was found in RBC of the spice-extract-fed mice (65 to 74% of the nonsupplemented control mice). The liver lipid peroxidizability induced with Fe2+/ascorbic acid was effectively suppressed in mice by dietary supplementation with the turmeric and capsicum extracts. Although no difference in the plasma lipids was observed, the liver triacylglycerol concentration of the turmeric-extract-fed mice was markedly reduced to half of the level in the control mice. These findings suggest that these spice extracts could act antioxidatively in vivo by food supplementation, and that the turmeric extract has the ability to prevent the deposition of triacylglycerols in the liver. 

Suppressed formation of lipid peroxides in homogenate of regenerating rat liver, but did not affect serum lipid peroxide concentration or serum lipid concentration, except for phospholipids 624... 

A similar mechanistic basis was proposed for the increased Vss and CL with increased plasma lipid concentrations demonstrated for amphotericin B (which associates with HDL and LDL [158] in a diabetic hyperlipidemic rat model [159]). The increased lipid concentrations in the diabetic compared with the nondiabetic rats were characterized by increased LDL concentrations. It was therefore suggested that increased association of amphotericin B with LDL in the diabetic rats increased LDL-associated uptake in peripheral tissues and in the liver, resulting in the increased Vss and CL. 

Weanling, Wistar and RICO (genetically hypercholesterolemic) rats were placed on manganese-deficient (0.12 pg Mn/g) or manganese-sufficient (100.12 pg Mn/g) diets. Plasma total, VLDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, and liver cholesterol and lipid concentrations were not affected by the treatment used. These results suggest that dietary manganese deficiency does not result in significant alterations in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the rat (8). 

Within each level of fat fed, liver total lipid concentrations decreased as level of dietary manganese increased. 

In conclusion, serum, liver and brain lipid concentrations, body weight change and fecal fat excretions were greater in rats fed a diet with 25% fat than in rats fed a lower fat diet. Within each level of fat, total liver lipids decreased and liver cholesterol concentration increased as level of dietary manganese increased. However, in 14 adult, human subjects fed two levels of dietary fat, dietary manganese had no effect on serum lipid parameters or fecal fat excretion. 

As drugs are usually absorbed by passive diffusion and since enantiomers do not differ in their aqueous and lipid solubilities, absorption is not usually considered to be a stereoselective process. However, stereoselectivity has been described for drugs that are transported by a carrier-mediated process. Typical uptake selectivity is observed for neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors such as nipecotic acid, oxaprotiline, fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Uptake of drugs by various organs can also be enantioselective, for example the liver/plasma concentration ratios of S(-) and R(-t-)-phenprocoumon in the rat were found to be different (6.9 and 5.2, respectively), indicating a preferential uptake of the more potent isomer. ... 

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