Liver creatine toxicity

SGPT, serum creatine phosphokinase, or serum lactic dehydrogenase were found in rabbits treated dermally with 20 mL isophorone (Dutertre-Catella 1976). No other indices of liver toxicity were examined therefore, the 20 mL dose cannot be considered a NOAEL for liver effects. 

The majority of patients also had an elevated leukocyte count with modestly elevated levels of aldolase, a marker of muscle injury however, creatine phosphokinase, another indicator of muscle injury, was normal in most patients. This inconsistency between the levels of these two muscle-associated enzymes, previously described in some patients with systemic sclerosis and the toxic oil syndrome (TOS) (see below), is helpful in differentiating EMS from other myopathies (muscle diseases) and from eosinophilic fasciitis (EE) (see below). Approximately one-half of patients had abnormal liver function tests, although the changes were mild. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and levels of IgE, complement, and cryoglobulin (all markers of immune dysfunction) were normal in most patients tested. 

Two experiments were conducted to delineate the effect of dietary sinapic acid on broiler chickens, in terms of performance, toxicity and nutrient digestibility (Qiao et al., 2008). In the first experiment on 80 male broiler chicks with feeding of sinapic acid, performance from 0 to 18 days of age and the relative size of aU the internal organs and intestines were not affected by dietary treatment. The result also implied that there was no damage to skeletal muscle, heart muscle, liver, kidneys, or brain as assumed from the no change of on the serum activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. 

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