Lithium ion electrode

Natural Graphite LBG1025 Physical Characteristics and Behavior in Lithium-ion Electrode Assemblies... 

Wang, Y. Guo, X. Greenbaum, S. Liu, J. Amine, K., Solid electrolyte interphase formation on lithium-ion electrodes, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2001,4, A68-A70. 

Wtmg Y, Guo X., Greenbaum S., liu J., Amine K. Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Lithium-Ion Electrodes A Li Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 2001,4, A68-A70. 

Leifer N., Smart M. C., Prakash G. K. S., Gonzalez L., Sanchez L., Smith K. A., Bhalla R, Grey C. R, Greenbaum S. G. C Sohd State NMR Suggests Unusual Breakdown Products in SEI Formation on Lithium Ion Electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2011, 158, A471-A480. 

Kobiro K, Tobe Y, Watanabe K, Yamada H, and Suzuki K (1993) Highly selective lithium ion electrode based on decalino-14-crown-4. Analytical Letters 26 49-54. 

Leifer N, Smart MC, Prakash GKS, Gonzalez L, Sanchez L, Smith KA, Bhalla P, Grey CP, Greenbaum SG (2011) 13C solid state NMR suggests unusual breakdown products in SEI formation on lithium ion electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 158(5) A471-A480... 

C. Wang, A. J. Appleby, and F. E. Little [2001] Comparison of the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characteristics of Insertion Electrode Materials Used in Secondary Metal Hybride and Lithium-Ion Electrodes,... 

Nanostructured materials have several advantages that make them appropriate for lithium-ion electrodes [1]. Nanoparticles or nanocrystallites are smaller than bulk materials... 

Active materials of lithium-ion electrodes can be represented by the formula LixZ (0 < X < 1). Here, jc corresponds to that part of lithium content, which can reversibly leave the material (mobile lithium, in the form of Li" " ions). The moiety... 

The assumption of electrode materials conductivity is an intentional oversimplification. In reality, vast majority of lithium-ion electrode materieils possess rather low conductivity and neglecting their resistance is incorrect in terms of the strictly mathematic approach to balancing the electrode equations. However, this simplified ceilculating approach is used for clarity in presentation of a novel concept. For the complete mathematics of transport phenomena pertaining to the simpler electrochemical systems, the reader is directed to J. Newman s book [34]. 

Interparticle contact is of critical importance to the behavior of lithium batteries. Most lithium-ion electrodes contain 2 to 15 wt% conductive filler, such as carbon black, in order to maintain contact among aU the particles of active material and in order to reduce ohmic losses in the electrodes. Presently, there are few models available for predicting contact resistance, and the effect of the weight fraction of conductive filler on the overall electronic conductivity of the composite electrode must be determined experimentally. Doyle et al. [35] demonstrate how the fuU-cell-sandwich model can be used to determine what minimum value of effective electronic conductivity is needed to make solid-phase ohmic resistance negligible. Then, one need only measure the effective conductivity of the composite electrode as a function of filler content, and one need not run separate experiments on complete cells to determine the optimum filler content. Modeling techniques for predicting effective electroitic conductivities of composite electrodes are under development, and hold promise to aid in optimizing filler shape and volume fraction [85]. 

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