Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries 

Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing, 100190, P R. China 

Electrochemical Nanofabrication Principles and Applications (Second Edition) 

Lithium-ion batteries are important types of secondary batteries in which lithium ions (Li ] keep traveling back and forth between the anode and the cathode through the electrolyte in charging/ discharging cycles, thus gaining the name rocking chair batteries (see Fig. 6.1] [1-3], 

Armand proposed the first rechargeable lithium battery based on the intercalation concept in 1972 (and then mentioned in his book in 1980) [4]. The prototype in laboratory finally became 

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