Lithium dodecyl sulfate

Mechanisms of micellar reactions have been studied by a kinetic study of the state of the proton at the surface of dodecyl sulfate micelles [191]. Surface diffusion constants of Ni(II) on a sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). The lateral diffusion constant of Ni(II) was found to be three orders of magnitude less than that in ordinary aqueous solutions [192]. Migration and self-diffusion coefficients of divalent counterions in micellar solutions containing monovalent counterions were studied for solutions of Be2+ in lithium dodecyl sulfate and for solutions of Ca2+ in sodium dodecyl sulfate [193]. The structural disposition of the porphyrin complex and the conformation of the surfactant molecules inside the micellar cavity was studied by NMR on aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles [194]. 

Lithium dodecyl sulfate causes dramatic perturbations of the protein environment of the B800-850 light-harvesting protein of Rhodopseudomonas acido-... 

Figure 13.7 Electropherograms showing the simultaneous measurement of low- and high-energy explosives as recorded with the (a) conductivity and (b) amperometric detectors. Analytes, ammonium (1), methylammonium (2), sodium (3), TNB (4), TNT (5), 2,4-DNB (6), and 2-Am-4,6-DNB (7), system peak (SP). Explosive concentration, 2 mM (1,2,3) and 15 ppm (4,5,6,7). Conditions MES/His buffer (20 mM, pH 6.1) containing 15 mM lithium dodecyl sulfate as the run buffer separation field strength, +250 V/cm injection field strength, +250 V/cm for 2 s detection at 200 kHz, (a) 5 Vp p and at (b) —0.5 V. (Reprinted in part with permission from [34]. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.)...

In early work, it was proposed that A2 and Fx were the same chemical species detected under different experimental conditions [37]. This proposal fits most of the present data, although Fx has also been proposed to be identified with P-430. In recent work [40,41] it was shown that a mild treatment with lithium dodecyl sulfate denatures F and Fb, but not Fx- In such preparations, a flash-induced charge separation at room temperature decays with t 2 = 1.2 ms. This could be equivalent to the 250 /as decay observed earlier which occurs when F and Fg are chemically reduced, the kinetic difference originating possibly in an electrostatic effect of Fa and Fb on the lifetime of (P-700", Fx ). An important difference between the behaviour of A2 and Fx resides in the efficiency of their light-induced reduction a saturating flash reduces A2 in all the reaction centers at room temperature [37], whereas Fx is reduced in only 10-15% of the centres at low temperature [31]. A good correlation has been established between Fx and A2 by studying the effect of time in darkness after illumination at 3°C, in PS I particles [42]. 

Disordered solutions of spherical micelles are not particularly viscoelastic, or even viscous, unless the volume fraction of micelles becomes high, greater than 30% by volume. Figure 12-7, for example, shows the relative viscosity (the viscosity divided by the solvent viscosity) as a function of micellar volume fraction for a solution of hydrated micelles of lithium dodecyl sulfate in water. Qualitatively, these data are reminiscent of the viscosity-volume-fraction relationship for suspensions of hard spheres, shown as a dashed line (see Section 6.2.1). The micellar viscosity is higher than that of hard-sphere suspensions because of micellar ellipsoidal shape fluctuations and electrostatic repulsions. 

Figure 12.7 Relative viscosity r)r = versus hydrated micellar volume fraction

Attempts to extract proteins from chlorosomes of Chloroflexus aurantiacus with the chaotropic agent lithium dodecyl sulfate have no apparent effect on the spectral properties of BChl c in situ... 

In 1987, Vasmel, Swarthoff, Kramer and Amesz" attempted to prepare a more enriched RC core by treating the RCPP-complex with lithium dodecyl sulfate to remove the FMO-protein. Although the FMO-protein was extracted, the resulting RC core was photochemically inactive. 

When the terminal acceptor FeS-A/B (the PsaC protein) and other small polypeptides are removed from CC I, one obtains the so-called photosystem-I core protein, [P700 Ao A, FeS-X] core Chls 2 polypeptides). This PS-I core protein may be prepared from CC I by a brief incubation in lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) followed byultrafiltration, or by treating cyanobacterial CC I with achaotropic agent followed... 

Broglie PJVI, Hunter CN, Delepelaire P, Niederman P-A, ChuaNH, Clayton RK Isolation and characterization of the pigment-protein complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by lithium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Proc Natl Acad Sci 77(1) 87-91, 1980. 

Lithium dodecyl sulfate. See Lithium lauryl sulfate... 

A bbreviations PS - photosystem, RC - reaction center, Chl-pro-tein - chlorophyll-protein, PAGE - electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, LHC - light-harvesting complex, SDS - sodium dodecyl sulfate, LiDS - lithium dodecyl sulfate, OGP - octyl- -D-gluco-pyranoside, kDa — kilodalton, P595 - fluorescence with a maximum at 695 nm, Pheo - pheophytin FP - free pigment. 

Instruments). PS I activity was measured as oxygen uptake with the addition of 10 iM DCMU, 1.7 mM methyl viologen, ImM ascorbate, ImM DAD, and 2mM KCN to whole cells (30 ig chi a) (6). Light intensity for this assay was 2000 iE/ m /sec. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from T256, T1297 and wildtype cells and their protein profiles were examined on lithium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE (2). 

Results and Discussion. Figure 1 shows an example separation of Chlamydomonas chlorophyll-protein complexes solubilized with a mixture of octyl glucoside, decyl maltoside, and lithium dodecyl sulfate. The left hand panel shows the unstained green band pattern, while the right hand panel shows intrinsic room temperature chlorophyll fluorescence with excitation at 365 nm. This technique allows for the rapid assignment of antenna complexes, which fluoresce brightly, and reaction center complexes which are non-fluorescent or only weakly fluorescent at room temperature. 

Incubation of mRNP particles with NAD, electrophoresis on lithium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, and autoradiography reveal several ADP-ribosylated proteins with a predominant acceptor of mol. wt. 115,000 [4]. Using the protein blotting technique, we have observed that the antiserum directed against the nuclear calf thymus poly(ADPR) polymerase reacts with the 115,000 mol. wt. protein, associated with free mRNP particles. 

Further support for the presence of ADP-ribosyl transferase activity in rat liver mitochondria came from experiments in which NAD-glycohydrolase was separated from solubilized submitochondrial proteins by hydroxylapatite and DEAE-cellulose chromatography (17). As could be shown after lithium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography the fractions enriched in ADP-ribosyl transferase activity catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to, at least five acceptor proteins. In contrast, the fractions enriched in NAD glycohydrolase activity could only produce a non-enzymatic ADP-ribosylation of one single protein of molecular weight of 50 kDa (17). 

ADP-ribosylated proteins of plasmacytoma mRNP were examined by lithium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gels and autoradiography. At least 5 main labeled bands of 116 kDa, 45 kDa, 38 kDa and 30 kDa were observed. The labeling increases with the increase of NAD concentration in the incubation medium parallel to a decrease of electrophoretic mobility of some bands. This may be attributed to a more potent ADP-ribosylation of these proteins as it has been observed with histones ADP-ribosylated by a... 

Bales BL, Shahin A, Lindblad C, Atmgren MJ (20(X)). Timeresolved fluorescence quenching and election paramagnetic resonance studies of the hydration of lithium dodecyl sulfate micelles. J Phys Chem B 104 256-263 and references therein... 

Synonyms Lithium dodecyl sulfate Ionic Nature Anionic Empiricai ... 

Changes in zeta potential and turbidity of iron(III) oxide hydrate sols flocculated with lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate (LiFOS) are shown in Fig. 5.11. The nonionic surfactants NF7 and NP7.5 redispersed the sols. However, the anionic hydrocarbon surfactant LiDS (lithium dodecyl sulfate) had no significant effect. Accordingly, sols flocculated by LiDS were redispersed by a nonionic surfactant, NF7, but not by the anionic surfactant LiFOS (Fig. 5.12). 

Treiner and co-workers [83] also determined the partition coefficient of 1-pentanol between water and mixed micelles of lithium dodecyl sulfate and... 

Tamori et al. [290] used electric birefringence to estimate the micellar size and shape in mixed-surfactant solutions containing hexaoxyethylene glycol dode-cyl ether and lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate or lithium dodecyl sulfate. 

Camm EL and Green BR (1980) Fractionation of thylakoid membranes with the nonionic detergent octyl-3-D-glucopyranoside. Plant Physiol 66, 428-432 Delepelaire P and Chua NH (1979) Lithium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of thylakoid membranes at 4 C characterizations of two additional chlorophyll a-protein complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76, 111-115... 

Incubation of the PP complex with 0.2 % lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) during 1 h at room temperature and centrifugation on a sucrose gradient for 16 h at 200 000 x g gave a blue fraction at 30 % sucrose, which showed an enhanced absorption in the long-wavelength region. Other fractions showed the absorption spectra of the PP complex and of the BChl protein. 

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