Lithium chlorate

Lithium chlorate [13453-71 -9] LiClO, has rhombic needles mp 124—129°C decomposes on heating to 270°C. It is one of the most soluble salts known and it is very hygroscopic. LiClO is prepared by adding lithium chloride [7447-41-8] to sodium chlorate solution. Sodium chloride precipitates, the hquor is concentrated, and the lithium chlorate is filtered and dried. It has limited use in pyrotechnics. 

See also Lithium compounds Lithium chlorate, 6 117 Lithium chloride, 15 131, 139 corrosive effect on iron, 7 806 dessicant, 8 360 solvent for cotton, 8 21 Lithium chromate, 15 142... 

Lead dioxide Lead perchlorate Lithium chlorate Lithium hypochlorite Lithium perchlorate Lithium peroxide Magnesium bromate Magnesium chlorate Magnesium perchlorate Magnesium peroxide Manganese dioxide Mercurous chlorate Mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(mono-potassium dichloro)-penta-s-triazinetrione... 

Lithium bromide also combines with gaseous ammonia to form four solid deliquescent substances. The monammine, [Li(NH3)]Br, is formed above 95° C. the diammine, [Li(NIi3)2]Br, between 87° and 95° C. the triammine, [Li(NH3)3]Br, between 71° and 87° C. and the tetrammine about —18° C.2 Ephraim prepared other ammino-salts of lithium, as, for example, tetrammino-lithium nitrate, [Li(NH3)J(N03), which is a colourless syrup at ordinary temperature and is more stable than the chloride tetrammino-lithium chlorate, [Li(NII3)Ll]C103, which is a fairly mobile liquid and tetrammino-lithium perchlorate, [Li(NH3)4]C104, a white solid which liquefies and decomposes at ordinary temperature.3... 

Both lithium chlorate and perchlorate have been proposed as oxidizers in explosive formulations [131]. Li nitrate/K nitrate/Na nitrate eutectics (23.5/60.2/16.3) have been proposed by Kruse as oxidizers in illuminating flare formulations [132]. Similarly, LiC104 has been proposed as an oxidizer in obscurant formulations with or boron carbide(B4C) or Si. The obscuring power is mainly due to the presence of hygroscopic LiCl in the aerosol. The formulation B/LiC104 (60/40) possesses the best performance [133-135] compared with Si/Li C104 (35/65) and B4C/Li C104 (30/70) formulations. 

According to H. Bruhl, the melting point of lithium chlorate, LiC103. H20, is 63°-65°—A. Potilitzin gives 50° the molten mass readily forms an undercooled fluid. The hydrate becomes anhydrous in dry air at 90°, and melts at 129°. Lithium chlorate begins to decompose at 270°, and at higher temp, the decomposition is more rapid. The rate of decomposition reaches a maximum with rise of temp.,... 

Lithium chlorate is very soluble in alcohol the chlorates of the other alkalies having a low solubility in this menstruum. Potassium chlorate is precipitated from its aq. soln. by the addition of alcohol or acetone. The solubility of potassium chlorate 20 in absolute alcohol, acetone, ether, and chloroform is virtually nil, and in aq. alcohol or acetone, at a constant temp., the solubility increases as the proportion. of water increases. For example, at 30° the number of grams of potassium chlorate which are dissolved in 100 grms. (a) of soln., (h) of water when the solvent contains p per cent, of alcohol ... 

According to A. Potilitzin, the melting point of trihydrated lithium perchlorate is 95° and, between 98° and 100°, the salt loses approximately two-thirds of its combined water and all the water is lost between 130° and 150° the anhydrous salt melts at 236°, and loses no oxygen at 300° this gas is evolved at about 368°, at 380° the speed of decomposition is rapid—lithium chlorate and chloride are first... 

Grodzinski ascertained that the addition of potassium or lithium chlorate to these mixtures does not change the ignition temperature but reduces the induction period. 

IV.19 CHLORATES, C103 Solubility All chlorates are soluble in water potassium chlorate is one of the least soluble (66 gt-1 at 18°) and lithium chlorate one of the most soluble (3150 g t 1 at 18°). 

Lithium chlorate, LiC103.—On evaporation of the solution obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of lithium sulphate and barium chlorate, or by neutralizing chloric acid with lithium carbonate, lithium chlorate separates in needles. According to Potilitzin, the crystals thus obtained have the formula 2LiC103,H20, but other investigators10 state that they consist of the anhydrous salt. Above 270° C. the chlorate decomposes into chloride, perchlorate, and oxygen, in accordance with the equations... 

Lithium chlorate is more soluble in water than any other inorganic... 

The original product sold in the United States contains -30% lithium hypochlorite (35% available chlorine), 34% sodium chloride, 20% of potassium and sodium sulfates, 3% lithium chloride, 3% lithium chlorate, 2% lithium hydroxide, 1% lithium carbonate, and the balance is water. It is made from lithium sulfate that is extracted into water from a lithium aluminum silicate ore after it is treated with sulfuric acid. The resulting solution also contains sodium and potassium sulfates. It is neutralized with calcium carbonate to pH 6, treated to remove calcium and magnesium, filtered, and concentrated. Sodium hydroxide is added to convert lithium carbonate to lithium hydroxide. The solution is cooled to 0°C and the resulting sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals are removed by filtration. Slightly more sodium hydroxide than the molar equivalent of lithium hydroxide is then... 

A granular solid that contains 77% lithium hypochlorite, 4-7% lithium chloride, and small amounts of lithium chlorate and lithium hydroxide has also been made. A solution of 35-50% hypochlorous acid is added to an aqueous slurry of lithium hydroxide at 5-10°C with agitation. As the reaction proceeds, additional lithium hydroxide is added. More hypochlorous acid is also added until the concentration of lithium hydroxide drops below 1%. The resulting solution contains 25-35% lithium hypochlorite. It can be cooled between -5 and -15°C to produce crystals of lithium hypochlorite monohydrate, which are filtered and dried. Alternatively, water is evaporated from the solution under reduced pressure to produce a slurry of lithium hypochlorite, and the solid is removed and dried. In either case, the supernatant is recycled into the process to conserve lithium. The lithium hypochlorite solutions can also be used as made or they can be dried directly to make a less-pure solid with a lower concentration of lithium hypochlorite. 

Thermodynamic studies on the unfolding of a-lactalbumin caused by lithium chloride, lithium chlorate, and sodium chlorate have been reported. The characterization of the denatured states and the mechanism of the denaturation reactions are discussed and compared with previous results on the unfolding with organic denaturants. 

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