Lithium aluminum silicate

Spodumcnc. A mixture of quartz, feldspar, and spodumene is being calcined in rotary kilns at 1475 K to produce lithium aluminum silicate. 

Petalite is now known to be lithium aluminum silicate, LiAl(Si206)2... 

SPODUMENE. The mineral spodumene is a lithium aluminum silicate corresponding to the formula LiAlSi206 and occurs in monoclinic... 

It was noticed in some instances that alkali-metal impurities in alumina, or in the ceramic honeycombs, adversely influence the catalyst activity. For example, spodumene (lithium aluminum silicate) was found unsuitable for use as catalyst support, although it had good thermal properties. 

A special-purpose photo-structured glass called FOTURAN (available from Mik-roglas Chemtech GmbH - www.mikroglas.com), which is based on lithium aluminum silicate and is especially useful for creating microchannels and related structures with high aspect ratios. 

Spodumene is a lithium aluminum silicate containing the equivalent of 6.5% to 7.5% lithium oxide, Li20. Crude ore mined in North Carolina contains 15% to 20% spodumene. What maximum mass, in kilograms, of lithium could be formed from 2.538 megagrams of spodumene containing the equivalent of 7.0% Li20 ... 

One of the greatest chemists of the 19th century was Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) of Sweden. In 1817, Berzelius put one of his assistants, Swedish chemist Johan August Arfwedson (1792-1841), to work analyzing the mineral petalite. Arfwedson could account for 96 percent of petalite s content, but the remaining 4 percent was a mystery. By 1818, Berzelius and Arfwedson had concluded that petalite must contain an unknown alkali metal. Petalite s composition proved to be lithium aluminum silicate, and Arfwedson is acknowledged as lithium s discoverer. The name lithium comes from the Greek word... 

About 25 minerals are described as having a lithium content in excess of 2% lithium oxide (Li20) and are regarded as lithium ores. Among these, only four occur in suffi-dent quantities which justify mining and industrial production the lithium aluminum silicates spodumene and petalite, the mica material lepidolite, and the lithium aluminum phosphate amblygonite (Debe-ritz 1993, Wietelmann and Bauer 2003). 

Spodumene, because of its abundance, is unquestionably the most important domestic source for lithium. It is an extremely stable lithium aluminum silicate. 

Pot life and exotherm Pot life can be increased and exotherm reduced, because fillers reduce the concentration of reactants and function as better heat conductors than the resin matrix. Commonly-used fillers for this are silica, calcium carbonate, alumina, lithium aluminum silicate, and powdered metals. 

Shrinkage Any filler will decrease shrinkage the most commonly-used fillers are silica, clay, calcium carbonate, alumina talc, powdered metals, and lithium aluminum silicate. Low-shrink or low-profile additives are used in TS systems such as SMCs and BMCs to minimize shrinkage during and after molding, and improve the surface appearance of a molding. 

In solid solutions or alloys the atoms on the lattice sites are replaced by the atoms of the dissolved species, the solute. Apart from these substitutional solutions, interstitial solutions can also occur if the atoms or ions of the solute are small and can be accommodated in the interstices of the host lattice. The solubilities vary. The phase diagrams of spinel, lithium aluminum silicate (LAS), Ta/C, and Ti/N show to what extent dissolution is possible. Apart from having the dopants in the lattice, these alloys often have other defects that are the result of a difference in charge between the ions being replaced in the lattice and those replacing them. 

The original product sold in the United States contains -30% lithium hypochlorite (35% available chlorine), 34% sodium chloride, 20% of potassium and sodium sulfates, 3% lithium chloride, 3% lithium chlorate, 2% lithium hydroxide, 1% lithium carbonate, and the balance is water. It is made from lithium sulfate that is extracted into water from a lithium aluminum silicate ore after it is treated with sulfuric acid. The resulting solution also contains sodium and potassium sulfates. It is neutralized with calcium carbonate to pH 6, treated to remove calcium and magnesium, filtered, and concentrated. Sodium hydroxide is added to convert lithium carbonate to lithium hydroxide. The solution is cooled to 0°C and the resulting sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals are removed by filtration. Slightly more sodium hydroxide than the molar equivalent of lithium hydroxide is then... 

Lesser Gemstones. Many other gemstones of lesser importance are commonly used. For example, spodumene (lithium aluminum silicate) can occur as transparent yellow, green, and colorless specimens. Turquoise (calcium aluminum silicate) is a blue to green, opaque mineral that is usually mixed with other dark impurities or some copper minerals it has a hardness less than quartz and a good cleavage, so care must be taken not to damage it. 

It was clear that a new alkali metal had been discovered. Arfwedson investigated and described several of its compounds but failed in his attempts to isolate the element in metallic form. As this new alkali was first found in the mineral kingdom -unhke the common water-soluble sodium and potassium compounds - Berzelius and Arfwedson gave the new element the name lithion, from stone . The mineral petalite is nowadays known as lithium aluminum silicate, liAlJSi OjJ. ... 

Typical fillers calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, talc, kaolin, mica, quartz, sand, glass spheres, sihca, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, aluminum, copper, silver, iron, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, zirconium silicate, lithium aluminum silicate, vermicuhte, slate powder, titanium boride, ground rubber, iron oxide, microvoids... 

Lithium Metaiiurgy The commercial source of lithium metal is the ore spodumene, which is a lithium aluminum silicate mineral, LiAl(Si03)2. The ore is heated and then washed with sulfuric acid to obtain a solution of lithium ion, which is precipitated as lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate from lithium ore is the primary starting substance for the production of lithium metal and lithium compounds. Lithium metal is obtained by electrolysis of the chloride, which was described in Section 13.2. 

A useful property of some of the series—for example, lithium aluminum silicate (LAS)—is that they are transparent and offer an alternative to glass and single crystals for the direct observation of indentation processes and crack formation. 

Ceramic powders were obtained from a wide variety of sources and included alumina, hydroxyapatite, and lithium aluminum silicate. This latter sample was also used after surface modification with a silane coupling agent. Ceramic powders were also obtained by chloroform extraction of two proprietary tooth restorative composite materials viz. Estilux (Kulzer and Fotofil (Johnson and Johnson). Particle sizes and shapes were noted. 

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