Lithium battery applications

The composition of lithium-manga-nese-oxide spinel electrodes that are of interest for lithium battery applications fall within the Li[Mn2]04 - Li4Mn5Ot2 -Li2[Mn4]0() tie-triangle of the Li-Mn-0... 

Green M, Fielder E, Scrosati B, Wachtler M, Moreno JS. Structured silicon anodes for lithium battery applications. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 2003 6 A75-A79. 

Mesoporous C03O4 showed superior capacity at high rates for lithium battery applications compared with bulk materials. Mesoporous... 

Using a similar synthetic methodology, other water soluble polymers, such as poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) (PVP), polyfpropylene glycol) (PPG), and methyl cellulose (MCel) were intercalated into V20s.nH20 xerogels [41]. The ratio of intercalated polymer to the layered host could be synthetically manipulated. Similarly to PEO, PVP, PPG, and MCel could also function as solid electrolytes when complexed with lithium salts, and hence their relevance in lithium battery applications. The intercalation of PEO into V20snH20 was also reported by Ruiz-Hitzky et al. [42]. 

Kurian, M., Galvin, M. E., Trapa, P. E., Sadoway, D. R., Mayes,A. M. (2005). Single-ion conducting polymer-silicate nanocomposite electrol3rtes for lithium battery applications, Electrochim. Acta. 50(10), 2125-2134. 

Azizi Samir et al. [155] have studied the possibility to reinforce thin films of polymer electrolytes for lithium battery applications. They reinforced polyoxyethylene with tunicate whiskers. The results showed that the storage modulus and temperature stability was greatly improved, and the ionic conductivity was maintained. 

Polymeric electrolytes based on ABS/PMMA blends, aiming at lithium battery applications, were studied for the effect of addition of plasticizer (mixture 1 1 of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate). Figure 10.30 shows that ionic conductivity increases with increased amount of plasticizer in formulation. In these apphcations, plasticizers are frequently used for two reasons ... 

This mechanism explains the texture of carbon black and deduces the fundamental properties that distinguish between different carbon black types. The distinct differences in morphology and surface chemistry of the carbon black types are caused by the manufacturing process and raw materials used in this process. Nowadays, a large number of carbon black types for different applications are produced. The worldwide carbon quantities produced annually exceed 9 million tons. Among these carbon blacks only a small number can be considered to be conductive carbons, and only a small fraction of these conductive carbons are suitable for lithium battery application because of the strict requirements of the lithium battery technology for purity, electrical conductivity, and inertness. The following sections mainly will focus on conductive carbon blacks. 

Chandrasekaran, R. Koh, M Ozhawa, Y. Aoyama, H Nakajima, T., Electrochemical cell studies on fluorinated natural graphite in propylene carbonate electrolyte with difluoromethyl acetate (MFA) additive for low temperature lithium battery application J. Chem. Sci. 2009, 121,339-346. 

MD simulations were used to study a number of electrolytes of potential interest to lithium battery applications EC DMC/LiPEg [52], EC/LiTESI [53, 54], DMC/ LiTFSI [55], GBL/LiTFSI [55], and acetonitrile doped with LiPEg, LiC104, L1BF4, LiDFOB, LiTFSI [56-58], oligoethers/Li salts [59-61], acetamide/LiTFSI [62],... 

Doeff MM, Anapolsky A, Edman L, Richardson TJ, De Jonghe LC (2001) A high-rate manganese oxide for rechargeable lithium battery applications. J Electrochem Soc 148 A230-A236... 

Rossouw MH, Thackeray MM (1991) Lithium manganese oxides from Li2Mn03 for rechargeable lithium battery applications. Mat Res Bull 26 463 73... 

Thackeray MM, de Kock A, Rossouw MH, Liles D, Bittihn R, Hoge D (1992) Spinel electrodes from the Li-Mn-O system for rechargeable lithium battery applications. J Electrochem Soc 139 363-366... 

Sandi G, Carrado KA, Winans RE, Johnson CS, Csoicsits R (1999) Carbons for lithium battery applications prepared using sepiolite as an inmganic template. J Electrochem Soc 146 3644-3648... 

Phosphonium Ionic Liquids and the Lithium Battery Application... 

We have designed and successfully prepared a series of RTILs based on phosphonium cations together with the FSA anion from the viewpoint of lithium battery application [33, 34]. The preparation of FSA anion based phosphonium RTILs can be carried out according to the same procedure as the TFSA anion based phosphonium RTILs depicted in Fig. 3 because the FSA anion based phosphonium RTILs are also hydrophobic. 

Solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries applications are commonly prepared by dissolving a lithium salt in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based materials. Chiappone et al. investigated these systems by a Li and NMR study yielding local dynamics and mass transport by temperature-dependent Ti and PFG-NMR diffusion measurements. 

Spinel electrode from the Li-Mn-O system for rechargeable lithium battery applications. 139 363-366. 

The acidity of the C2 proton (indicated in the scheme above) is estimated as pKa = 24, and this corresponds to a reduction potential of 1.5 V vs Li Li°. The methylation of the C2 proton increases the reduction potential by 300 mV however, this is still not sufficiently negative for lithium battery applications and thus such ILs require the use of additives such as vinylene carbonate (VC), which form a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, in order to be viable.f " ... 

Padmaraj O, Venkateswarlu M, Satyanarayana N (2014) Charactraization and electrochemical properties of P(VdF-co-HFP) based electrospun nanocomposite fibrous polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium battery applications. Electroanalysis 26(11) 2373—2379... 

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