Liquid substitution

Jorgensen, W. L. Laird, E. R. Nguyen, T. B. Tirado-Rives, J., Monte Carlo simulations of pure liquid substituted Benzenes with OPLS potential functions, J. Comput. Chem. 1993,14, 206-215. 

The derivatives of lower alcohols and also Al(OR )3, Al(OC5HnI,e°)3 are solids derivatives of other amyloxides and hexyloxides are liquids substituted phenoxides are crystalline matters. The oxocomplexes display a much clearer trend to crystallization than the homoleptic alkoxides. Nearly all the derivatives of aluminium can be sublimed or distilled without decomposition. 

This expression links the concentration of component i in the liquid phase, c with Pi, the partial vapor pressure of i in equilibrium with the liquid. Substitution ... 

This equation can be used whether the gas is collected over water or some other liquid. If it is another liquid, substitute the vapor pressure of that liquid for the vapor pressure of water. 

The negative sign indicates that the component is transferred from the vapor to the liquid. Substituting the value of Na from Equations 15.17 and 15.18 into 15.19 results in the following ... 

Li JL, Feng DP, Liang YM et al (2010) Synthesis and tribological behavior of ionic liquid substituted lluoroalkoxycyclophosphazene derivatives in steel-steel contacts. Ind Lubr Tribol... 

An alternative of critical point drying or subfimation is liquid substitution, in which a low-vapor-pressure liquid, such as glycerol or triethylene glycol, is used to infiltrate the sample and the sample can be examined by SEM without drying and coating. This technique has been successfully applied to different biological samples. ... 

Ensikat HJ, Barthlott W. (1993) Liquid substitution A versatile procedure for SEM specimen preparation of biological materials without drying and comng. J Microsc 172 ... 

There have been investigations in alternative liquids substituting for the water, such as liquid CO2 [20], methanol, different kinds of hydrocarbons [21] and several kinds of oil contaminated water streams [22]. Although there is a clear potential for upgrading the efficiency, there has been no economic breakthrough of such alternatives. 

If the pore in which condensation occurs is an open-ended cylindrical capillary then dA is 2nldr where / is the capillary length and dr is the increase in the radius of the annular liquid film. The number of moles dn transferred from vapour to liquid will be 2nlrdrlVm where Km is the molar volume of the liquid. Substituting these quantities into equation (3.1) yields the relation... 

Even if these early observations are now explained differently, a high transient plume density is expected, as described above. The model runs into difficulty mainly in that plume properties are not sufficiently polar for extensive ion separation. Liquid, substituted aromatics somewhat similar to MALDI matrices typically have dielectric constants around or below 10 at room temperature (phenol 9.8, methyl salicylate 9.4, acetic acid 6.1). " In addition, at least a factor-of-two decrease could be expected at MALDI plume temperatures. For example, 1-butanol has a dielectric constant of 15 at room temperature, but 7 at 400°C. " Assuming the MALDI plume is a similarly solvating fluid, separation of ionic substances (including matrix itself) will be extremely limited. 

Ionic liquids (substituted imidazolium salts) were utilized in the electrochemical synthesis of PEEKTT films with specific structural or morphological features randomly oriented nanofibers and particles in submicrometersized domains with EMI-bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, the structure of a solid polymer actuator with PEDOT layer on the surface of a solid nitrile rubber-BMI/BH-mixture, single strand nanowires with BMI-hexafluorophosphate, and codeposited polypyrrole/PEEXDT in BMI-BTI. ... 

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