Liquid hydrogen shipments

Over-the-road shipment costs of cryogenic liquid hydrogen. This mode is expected to be used in the early stages of hydrogen supply to filling depots and stations. 

Liquid Hydrogen Capacity Compared with Hydrogen (Merchant) Shipments... 

Year Liquid Hydrogen Capacity Pounds/Day Millions Cu. Ft/Year Hydrogen Shipments (Ref. 1) Millions Cu. Ft/Year... 

Liquid hydrogen sulfide has been classified as a flammable compressed gas for shipment in both tank trucks and tank cars by governmental authorities both in the United States and Canada. Department of Transportation special permits authorize use of type 105A-600W tank cars filled to a maximum density of 68%. With a capacity of 13,500 gal, these insulated tank cars will hold about 30 short tons net weight of liquid hydrogen sulfide. 

There are several features of these superinsulations that are attractive for modern applications. One of these features is, obviously, reduced thermal conductivity. This permits storing or transporting larger quantities of product within the same size envelope, which could be very important in the barge shipment of liquid hydrogen. Another feature is that these insulations are easily evacuated and do not release foreign material or contaminants into the vacuum space. This property is important to space chambers, where it is desirable to insulate the cryopanels to reduce the refrigeration load. 

Large field-erected vessels for storage and barge shipment of liquid cryogens (e.g., liquid hydrogen and methane) can now be readily insulated with quilted superinsulations. Moreover, this particular application technique makes possible further use of superinsulations to a number of unusual applications. 

Liquid hydrogen is authorized for shipment in TC/DOT specification insulated welded cylinders, TC/DOT specification insulated cargo tanks, TC/DOT specification cryogenic liquid tank cars, and insulated portable tanks under exemption. 

Under the appropriate regulations, gaseous and liquid hydrogen (minimum 95 percent para hydrogen) is authorized for shipment as follows [10] and [11]... 

By Air Gaseous hydrogen is authorized for shipment in TC/DOT specification cylinders aboard cargo aircraft only up to 300 lb (136 kg) maximum net weight per container. Liquid hydrogen is forbidden for air shipment. 

Bulk shipments of liquid hydrogen sulfide are authorized by specific exemption by the United States Department of Transportation and Transport Canada. Bulk transportation, at a filling density of 72 percent, is in specially insulated and equipped MC-331 trailers with a working pressure of 500 psig (3447 kPa), and specially insulated and equipped specification 105J600W, 120A600W, and... 

Liquid hydrogen is rapidly assuming its position as a major commercial chemical. Bulk transcontinental shipments of liquid helium are also planned for the near future. These activities have been implemented by the development of efficient and practical storage equipment. 

At a briefing to the committee from representatives of DOE s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) on June 10, 2003, cost ranges were given for pipeline and liquid shipment of hydrogen that were somewhat higher than the results shown in Table 4-1. Comparison of the assumptions used for EERE s and the committee s cal-... 

Shipment of hydrogen chloride as a refrigerated liquid in DOT 105A600W tank cars is authorized provided ... 

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