Liquid electrolytes manufacturing processes

Material Fabrication and Manufacturing Processes The lead-add battery is comprised of three primary components the element, the container, and the electrolyte. The element consists of positive and negative plates connected in parallel and electrically insulating separators between them. The container is the package which holds the clcctrochcmically active ingredients and houses the external connections or terminals of the batteiv. The electrolyte, which is the liquid active material and ionic conductor, is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (see Fig. 1). 

A liquid electrolyte consists of solvent(s) and supporting lithium salt(s). Their manufacturing process and purity are of great importance to the electrochemical performance of the prepared liquid electrolytes. 

Zhang SS (2007) A review on the separators of liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries], together with the manufacturing processes. J Power Sourc 164 351-364... 

These differences in the chemical structure of the surface depend not only on the process of manufacture but also on additional treatments or processing conditions. In oxidized carbon fibers, the concentration of carbonyl and, more particularly carboxyl groups, is substantially increased at the expense of hydroxyl groups. In the treatment of carbon fibers, several methods of oxidation are used. Liquid phase oxidation is carried out by the electrochemical and chemical methods whereas gaseous oxidation is carried out in air, oxygen or in the presence of catalysts. Plasma treatment is also used for the surface oxidation of formed fibers. Different methods of oxidation produce different surface characteristics. For example, interlaminar strength is improved by a factor of 10 by electrolytic oxidation over crude oxidation in air. 

Specification of raw materials used in the manufacture of liquid detergents is critical to controlling process effects. Although some detergents are relatively insensitive to broad fluctuations in raw material characteristics, others are extremely sensitive to minor variability. Apparent in the patent literature, surfactant chemistry can be a critical component. For example, when manufacturing with a surfactant/solvent composition near a phase boundary, a minor change in electrolyte concentration, surfactant composition, and concentration can significantly alter product characteristics. 

---