Lipoproteins electrophoresis

Ammonia concentrations increased rapidly in stored blood. Blood that contained 160 103 jug/100 ml when it was collected demonstrated 665 188 jug/100 ml after 24 hours and 1181 21 /ng/100 ml in 7 days (PIO). Specimens for lipoprotein electrophoresis (cellulose acetate) can be stored at room temperature for 3 days, and in the freezer for 14 days (WIO). A second freezing and thawing made the specimen unsuitable. In... 

The results of the lipoprotein electrophoresis have to be interpreted in the context of other lipid parameters, like plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Patients with normal cholesterol and triglyceride values may sometimes show electrophoresis patterns that resemble pathologic patterns but should not be classified as such. For untreated type III patients, plasma total cholesterol levels should range from 7.5 to 13.0 mmol/1 and triglycerides from 3.5 to 10.5 mmol/1. The presence of a broad-ji-band in the absence of hyperlipidemia excludes familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III). 

Ibsen, H., Brandrup, F., Blaabjerg, I., and Lykkesfeldt, G., Lipoprotein electrophoresis in recessive x-linked ichthyosis, Acfa Derm. Venereol., 66, 59, 1986. 

A control and two patients with hyperlipidemia are studied after an overnight fast. Their plasma lipoprotein electrophoresis patterns are shown below, the control being in the middle lane. One of the patients has a pattern typical of type I lipoprotein lipase deficiency, and the other of type Ila familial hypercholesterolemia. Which of the bands observed in the electrophoretic gel patterns represents a lipoprotein fraction that is abnormally abundant after fasting and that is most enriched in triacylglycerides ... 

A 45-year-old male is hospitalized for treatment of myocardial infarction. His lather and a paternal uncle also had heart attacks at an early age. His cholesterol is elevated, and lipoprotein electrophoresis demonstrates an abnormally high ratio of low- to high-density lipoproteins (LDL to HDL). Which ol the following is the most likely explanation for this problem ... 

Lipoprotein electrophoresis provides a relatively simple method to study gross changes of the major lipoproteins various support media, buffers systems, and electrophoretic equipment and detection reagents have been employed (Groulade et al. 1981 Oppermann, Hubner, and Ehlers 1983). Electrophoresis may also be used to check the suitability of some methods for HDL and LDL. The Friedewald formula is used to determine LDL-cholesterol with human samples by measuring plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol (Friedewald, Levy, and Fredrickson... 

Liver disease is a major cause of all kinds of abnormal lipoproteins. In lipoprotein electrophoresis it often causes a boring pattern no alpha-lipoproteins and a very broad beta-band. The latter is due to a host of abnormal or abnormally composed lipoproteins. In summary, we find decreased alpha-lipoproteins, a dissociation of A-I and A-II (a rare instance of the presence of LP-A-II) decreased LP-B, abnormal VLDL, poor in Apo-C, remnants in the LDL-class, and LP-X. 

Special laboratory Lipoprotein electrophoresis n n n Broad beta... 

With the exception of the occurrence of phytanic acid there are no typical serum findings in HAP. Total serum lipids and total serum cholesterol may be low, but are usually normal. Lipoprotein electrophoresis, performed in a few cases, gave normal results. In contrast to a-beta-lipoproteinemia, with which HAP has many common symptoms, beta-lipoproteins are present. 

The diagnosis is confirmed by the finding of an elevated plasma cholesterol level in excess of that compatible with sex, age, and geographic situation of the proband. Since elevation of plasma cholesterol is associated with an increase of serum beta-lipoproteins, demonstration of the latter with the use of lipoprotein electrophoresis or more complicated methods such as ultracentrifugal separation of lipoproteins are another means to confirm the diagnosis. The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio is greater than one. 

Serum protein electrophoresis — increased or2 globulin serum aspartate aminotransferase 90 IU/1. The fasting plasma was turbid, triglycerides 3.8 mmol/1, lipoprotein electrophoresis — increased pre- band ECG. — sinus tachycardia 120/min and peaked P waves. The clinical diagnosis of Refsum s disease was confirmed by the finding of large amounts of phytanic acid in the patient s plasma (vide infra). 

By means of gel electrophoresis on cross-linked, hydrolyzed starch,99 with simultaneous checking for proteins, lipids, and pectinesterase activity, it was found, however, that the product isolated after the separation on CM-Sephadex C-50 constitutes but one of five multiple forms of tomato pectinesterase, and is the one present in preponderant proportion98 (see Fig. 4). The accompanying lipid and sugar components were separated from this pectinesterase form in the course of the purification procedure. After analysis of the hydro-lyzate of the final product for fatty acids, as well as for carbohydrate components, it was possible to exclude the possibility of a lipoprotein,30 as well as glycoprotein,100 character of this form of tomato pectinesterase. 

Lp(a), moving, like very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), in the pre-(3,-lipoprotein fraction upon electrophoresis (B8, B9), but not floating like VLDL in ultracentrifugation (H29), partly resembles low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Its protein moiety consists of one glycoprotein molecule, named apolipoprotein (a)... 

VLDL) comprising apolipoproteins B and E, combined mainly with triglycerides are secreted from the liver. Apo A is an a globulin and apo B is found in the (3 fraction, thus HDL and LDL are sometimes referred to as a and (3 lipoprotein respectively and VLDL because in separation by electrophoresis at pH 8.6, it runs ahead of LDL is called pre- 3 lipoprotein. 

Besides starch block, electrophoresis has not seen wide use in the separation of plasma lipoproteins on a preparative scale. Since the applications of electrophoresis to the study of plasma lipoproteins have been dealt with in recent reviews (H2, L3, M4), they will not be discussed here. 

G6. Garoff, H., Simons, K., Ehnholm, C., and Berg, K., Demonstration by disc electrophoresis of the lipoprotein carrying the Lp(a) antigen in human sera. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. B7S, 253-254 (1970). 

NAL Mohamed, Y Kuroda, A Shibukawa, T Nakagawa, ST Elo Gizawy, HF Askal, ME El Kommos. Binding analysis of nilvadipine to plama lipoproteins by capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 21 1037-1043, 1999. 

Askal, ME ElKommos. Enantioselective binding analysis of verapamil to plasma lipoproteins by capillary electrophoresis—frontal analysis. J Chroma-togr A 875 447-453, 2000. 

Y Kuroda, B Cao, A Shibukawa, T Nakagawa. Effect of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein on drug binding affinity studied by high-performance frontal analysis—capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 22 3401—3407, 2001. 

A 54-year white man (5, 11" 189 lb) has a plasma total triglyceride of 105 mg/dL and total cholesterol of 431 mg/dL. Plasma HDL is 53 mg/dL. Electrophoresis of his plasma lipoproteins shows an intense p-band all others are normal. He is taking itraconazole for a persistent fungal infection. He had two older brothers who both died of myocardial infarction at 57 and 63 years of age. 

Because triglycerides are normal, the contribution of VLDL cholesterol to the total cholesterol is slight (about 105/5, or 21 mg) and taking into account HDL cholesterol, it is clear LDL accounts for the increase in cholesterol. This is confirmed by an intense (3-lipoprotein band on electrophoresis. High LDL cholesterol without elevation of other Upids defines type Ila. The condition is probably genetic because of the premature death of his brothers due to heart attacks. 

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