Linguistic methods

Dong, S. Searls, D. B. (1994). Gene structure prediction by linguistic methods. Genomics 23, 540-51. 

Defuzzification is the procedure for mapping from a set of inferred fuzzy control signals contained within a fuzzy output window to a non-fuzzy (crisp) control signal. The centre of area method is the most well known defuzzification technique, which in linguistic terms can be expressed as... 

Many algorithms have been employed for sequence analysis. They can be used for either protein or nucleic add sequences, and many of these were not developed specifically for molecular biological use, but for linguistic applications. It is beyond the scope of this book to discuss these algorithms in any detail the essentials of two of the most important methods, FASTA and Needleman-Wunsch will serve as examples of how algorithms are structured. 

In some applications, membership functions can easily be determined by clearly recognized prototypes and suitable similarity functions. In other applications, neural networks can be employed for constructing membership functions by learning from data exemplifying the linguistic expression involved. Many other methods for constructing membership functions are described in the literature, but this topic is beyond the scope of this chapter. 

Condillac, Lavoisier and Nomenclature Reform Contrary to the historiography of the crucial year , which focused on Lavoisier s early training in experimental physics and Rouellian chemistry, the historians of science William Albury, Marco Beretta and Trevor Levere located the core of the Chemical Revolution in the epistemological and linguistic principles underlying the Methode de Nomenclature Chimique, published in 1787, and the Traite Elementaire de Chimie, which appeared two years later. Influenced by Crosland s... 

In the late middle ages, chemistry was the science and technology closest to philosophy, the material realization of the method of analysis and synthesis. No longer. Contemporary philosophy is concerned with many sciences—physics, psychology, biology, linguistics, economics—but chemistry is not among them. Why not ... 

Methods used to achieve conceptual and linguistic equivalence of cross-culturally adapted instruments should be stated exphcitly. Evidence should be provided that the measurement properties of the adaptation are comparable with those of the original instrument. It is obvious that this is an extremely important issue when planning crossnational QOL assessment projects. However, it is also very important within countries that are multicultural, such as the United States. Many of the English-language instruments have been developed for the dominant U.S. culture and may not be appropriate for all patients. 

Rimom is an ontology matching prototype developed at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China (Li et al. 2009). It was one of the first systems implementing a dynamic selection of matchers, as discussed in Sect. 3.3. The schema elements and their instances are first linguistically matched structural matching is only applied if the schemas exhibit sufficient structural similarity. There are several methods for... 

After years of studying the master persuaders, linguists, lovers, and therapists, Bart discovered the secrets to falling in love AND he can teach you the specific method for making others fall in love with you, (or justlust, whichever fits your agenda.) Much... 

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