Liners cast iron

An important appHcation of MMCs in the automotive area is in diesel piston crowns (53). This appHcation involves incorporation of short fibers of alumina or alumina—siHca in the crown of the piston. The conventional diesel engine piston has an Al—Si casting alloy with a crown made of a nickel cast iron. The replacement of the nickel cast iron by aluminum matrix composite results in a lighter, more abrasion resistant, and cheaper product. Another appHcation in the automotive sector involves the use of carbon fiber and alumina particles in an aluminum matrix for use as cylinder liners in the Prelude model of Honda Motor Co. 

Maintenance The only moving parts in spiral concentrators are those in the pumps that supply the feed and recirculate intermediate products. However, there are sometimes minor maintenance problems associated with the spiral trough itself. Some ores contain sharp particles of veiy abrasive minerals. The presence of these minerals in some ore causes rapid formation of deep grooves in the surface of cast-iron spirals. Wear grooves can be patched with a variety of plastic and metallic cements. Most spirals presently in service are made of cast iron with molded and vulcanized liners. These liners have successfully solved most wear problems. 

White cast iron is brittle and difficult to machine. It is made by controlling the composition and rate of solidification of the molten iron so that all the carbon is present in the combined form. Very abrasive- and wear-resistant, white cast iron is used as liners and for grinding balls, dies, and pump impellers. 

The stator vanes are usually not shrouded. This is not a hard and Iasi rule In practice, often vanes are mixed with some shrouded and some unshrouded. When a separate stator inner case is used, it is normally ot cast iron. If the temperature is expected to exceed 500°F, the liner will be multipart with the discharge end being made of steel. 

The white cast irons and their low alloys have good abrasion resistance properties [2,3]. White cast irons are used for grinding balls, segments for mill liners and slurry pumps. In the ceramic industry they are used for muller tyres and augers in the pulp and paper industry for attrition mill plates and chip feeders and in the paint industry for balls for grinding pigments. 

Figure 12-2F. Typical liner-type cast iron cylinder. (Used by permission Ingersoll-Rand Company.)...

TYPICAL LINER-TYPE CAST-IRON CYLINDER... 

DRY-TYPE LINER is a special cast-iron, full length of the cylinder, shrunk in place, and securely locked against any movement. PISTON is usually cast-iron, locked on the rod between a solid collar and a nut. If a cylinder size is such that sufficient piston wall thickness is not available, the piston and rod are forged integrally as shown, and special inserted rider rings are included to improve wearing qualities. 

Figure 12-2T. Medium- or high-pressure, double-acting cylinder with flanged liner. The liner is locked in place by a flange between head and cylinder barrel. A step on the liner O.D. permits easy insertion. The cylinder may be made of cast-iron, nodular iron, or cast steel, depending on operating pressure. Note Optional two-compartment distance piece (type D) designed to contain flammable, hazardous, or toxic gases is illustrated. (Used by permission Bui. 33640, June 1985. Dresser-Rand Company.)...

This is of more significance in corrosive or polymer-forming services than in clean hydrocarbon or air applications. For example in hydrogen chloride and chlorine service using cylinders with either (a) cast iron liners or (b) carbon piston rings, a speed of around 600 ft per min is acceptable. 

The hot-feed rubber extruder is usually characterised by a relatively large screw depth and a relatively short L/D ratio of the barrel of 3 to 8 1 with the greatest number of machines having a ratio of 4 1. The barrel comprises usually a cast iron outer with either a traditional replaceable nitride liner, or, in the case of one manufacturer, of a single piece construction with an integral cast liner which has a surface hardness of Rockwell C60-62 and a hardness depth of 1.5 mm. The functional life for the bimetallic barrels is longer than for conventional nitride liner systems. 

With the gradual failure of the retorts themselves from their oxidation by the steam, the advantage again lies with the single retort type, as it is a simpler job to draw the cast-iron liners, and replace them, than it is to replace the individual retorts and make the various pipe joints. 

Cast irons of various sorts are often used for structural parts of large mills such as large ball mills and jaw curshers, while product contact parts such as ball-mill liners and cone crusher mantels are made from... 

Develop and use harder, more resistant liner metals. (Hard alloy cast iron liners respond better to corrosion inhibition than do soft cast iron liners.)... 

This technique is used to produce cylindrical products in cast iron, steel, and in alloys of aluminium, copper and nickel. T5q)ical parts made by this process are pipes, boilers, pressure vessels, flywheels, cylinder liners and other parts that are axis5mmetric. 

In the construction industries, UPE-based FRP has been replacing aluminium, stainless steel and wood because of its low cost, and ease of cleaning and working. The examples for such applications are solar panels, wall liners, automobile components, liners for truck trailers and railroad cars. UPE-FRP products are used to make sanitary ware as replacements for conventional materials such as porcelainised cast iron due to their obvious advantages of lower cost and easier installation. The other related applications are bath tubs, showers, toilets and sinks. 

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