Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates soils

Eichhom P, Lopez O, Barcelo D (2005) Application of liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry for the identification and characterisation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and sulfophenyl carboxylates in sludge-amended soils. J Chromatogr A 1067 171-179... 

Holt, M.S., E. Matthijs, and J. Waters. 1989. The concentration and fate of linear alkylbenzene-sulfonate in sludge amended soils. Water Res. 23, 749-759. 

ELIMINATION OF L.A.S. (LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE) DURING SEWAGE TREATMENT, DRYING AND COMPOSTAGE OF SLUDGES AND SOIL AMENDING PROCESSES... 

Knaebel, D.B. T.W Federle J.R. Vestal. Mineralization of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and linear alcohol ethoxylate (LAE) in 11 contrasting soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1990, 9, 981-988. 

Besides, the possibility of soil contamination by surfactants is investigated, as well as methods to locate and eliminate these contaminations. Adsorption of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on soils has been studied in [319]. At low LAS concentrations (< 90 pg/ml), the adsorption isotherm was linear in nature, and when exceeding this concentration, the LAS adsorption on soil had an exponential nature, and in all cases, the adsorption capacity depends substantially on the content of clay. Under real conditions, at low surfactant concentrations, the adsorption capacity of soil is rather low and leads to an ecological contamination of soil. 

In general and with respect to RR, - surfactants are the most interesting ingredients of d. because aside of LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), almost all major surfactants are derived from - fats and oils. Anionic and nonionic surfactants are used in heavy-duty d. for soil removal, pigment dispersion, desirable foaming, wetting, and solubilization of all kinds of stains. From the RR-derived products, mainly - fatty alcohol sulfates and fatty alcohol ether sulfates are, and - a-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters may be, used. - Fatty alcohol ethox-ylates are added as nonionic surfactants and impart detergency at lower temperatures and for synthetic... 

Surfactants Are the most important components improve the wetting ability of water, emusify and remove soil particles Alkylbenzene sulfates, e.g. linear alkylbenzene sidfonate (LAS) Alcohol sulfates, e.g. Fatty alcohol sulfates (FAS) Alcohol ether sulfates ot-Olefin sulfonates Alcohol ethoxylates Alkylphenol ethoxylates Fatty alkanolamides Fatty amine oxides Alkylpolyglucucosides Betaines Imidazolinium salts Quaternary ammonium compounds ... 

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