Linalool natural sources

Linalool Manufacture. The most important natural source of linalool is bois de rose oU from which it is separated by distiUation. By far, more linalool (3) is produced synthetically than is obtained from the natural sources (126). 

Hotrienol was found for the first time in Ho leaf oil as the S enantiomer [7], but has been found since then in many natural sources for instance, the R enantiomer was found in black tea and in green tea. The product can be used in many flavours, such as eldertlower, grape, berry and honey flavours. It can be prepared from linalool obtained from citrus oils or Chinese Ho oils, but most linalool is obtained by synthesis from isoprene from petrochemical sources. 

Of all citrus oils, orange oil possesses the highest number of terpene hydrocarbons. It constitutes the best natural source of R(+)-limonene, a highly valued natural solvent. The typical orange flavour is characterised by the presence of aldehydes C8-C12, linalool, a- and p-sinsenal. 

Figure 10.8 shows three monoterpenoid alcohols geraniol (10.16), citronellol (10.21) and linalool (10.22) all of which have been mentioned earlier as being key fragrance ingredients which can be obtained from natural sources. Geraniol is one of the character impact components of rose but it is only present in rose oils to the extent of about 30%. Much... 

The sources of the aforementioned key substances fall into three main categories natural extracts, turpentine, and petrochemicals. The balance depends on economics and also on the product in question. For example, while about 10% of geraniol is sourced from natural extracts, it is only about 1% in the case of linalool. Natural grades of geraniol are obtained from the oils of citronella, geranium, and palmarosa (including the variants jamrosa and dhanrosa). Citronella is also used as a source of citronellal. Ho, rosewood, and linaloe were used as sources of linalool, but conservation and economic factors have reduced these sources of supply very considerably. Similarly, citral was once extracted from L. cubeba but overharvesting has resulted in loss of that source. 

Allylic hydrolysis of geranyl pyrophosphate produces linalool (92). Like geraniol, linalool occurs widely in nature. The richest source is ho leaf, the oil of which can contain well over 90% linalool. Other rich sources include linaloe, rosewood, coriander, freesia, and honeysuckle. Its acetate is also frequently encountered and is a signi cant contributor to the odors of lavender and citrus leaf oils. 

Linalool (23) is more properly spelt linalool and pronounced with two distinct o sounds, the first long and the second short. This gives an indication of one of its principal sources, Linaloe oil, the essential oil of the Indian tree Bursera delpechiana, which contains levels of 30% linalool and 45-50% of its acetate. However, it is common practice nowadays to omit the diaeresis and even to speU the name with a single letter o. Other synonyms include linalyl alcohol, Licareol (extract from rosewood), and Coriandrol (extract from coriander). It occurs very widely in nature. The richest source is Ho leaf oil from China and Taiwan, which typically contains >90% linalool and levels as high as 97.5%, have been reported (150). Rosewood oil will typically contain 75-85% linalool and it is a major component of many flower (e.g., 80% in Ifeesia and 75% in honeysuckle) and herb (e.g., 65-80% in coriander) oils. Linalyl acetate is also a frequently encountered component of plant oils. Oils in which it plays a particularly important organoleptic role, include lavender ( 50%) and citrus leaf oils (also 50%). 

Namral linalool is extracted mainly from three species. The largest is Brazilian rosewood of which 100-150 tpa is produced. In recent years, there has been some concern about the endangering of the rosewood species by overharvesting and consequently about the sustainability of production of the oil. About 10 tpa is produced from Chinese and Taiwanese Ho leaf. Production from Linaloe oil is only a few tpa in India (151). Minor sources of natural linalool include shin and coriander oils (82). In the past, it was also extracted from lavender and bergamot. 

Used as a source of natural linalool or linalool acetate, which are extensively used in perfumery. Acetylated bois de rose oil is reportedly used in soaps, detergents, creams, lotions, and perfumes, with maximum use level of 1.2% in perfumes. ... 

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