Limestone apparatus

Calcium, D. of - continued in limestone or dolomite, (fl) 813 in presence of barium, (ti) 333 with CDTA, (ti) 333 with lead by EDTA, (ti) 333 with magnesium by EDTA, 328 by EGTA, (ti) 331 by flame emission, (aa) 804 Calcium oxalate, thermal analysis 498 Calcon 318 Calculators 133 Calibration of apparatus, 87 of burettes, 88 of graduated flasks, 88 of pipettes, 88 of weights, 74... 

What apparatus would you use to measure the rate of reaction of limestone with dilute hydrochloric acid by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide produced ... 

Sajwan, K. S., V. P. Evangelou, and J. Lumbanraja. 1991. A new rapid approach for evaluating limestone quality by automanometric isothermal apparatus. Soil Sci. 151 444-451. 

The apparatus consists of a vacuum desiccator, in which the space normally occupied by the drying agent has been filled with chips of limestone (roughly 1 cm in diameter) and enough water to cover them. Freshly precipitated silver chloride is dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric add (the solubility is about 3 g/100 mL) and the solution is filtered or decanted into a beaker, which is then put on the plate of the desiccator. The desiccator is closed, but the outlet is left open. The desiccator is put in a dark place and allowed to stand quietly. No temperature regulation is necessary beyond that ordinarily maintained in a laboratory. No vacuum is applied—a vacuum desiccator is used only because it has an outlet for the carbon dioxide formed. There is little or no evaporation of the hydrochloric add solution—only a decrease in HC1 concentration. 

Migration of Plutonium into Dense Stone Samples. Thin wafers or disks of dense Illinois Niagara limestone and basalt from the EBR-II site were fabricated. The dimensions were approximately 25 mm 1n diameter and 1.5 mm 1n thickness. The wafers were waxed into the high pressure chromatographic apparatus as shown in Fig. 2. 

At the conclusion of this operation the disk was removed from the apparatus and allowed to dry. The ratio of intensities of the various x-rays was remeasured and compared with the original determinations. The change in the ratio of the intensities is a measure of the depth of penetration of the Pu. The results which are shown in Fig. 11 indicate a migration coefficient m = 30 + 10 micrometers/meter (y/m) of waterflow for the limestone and 61+8 y/m for the basalt, where m is the average distance traveled by the actinide through the disk for every meter traveled by the water (2). 

The experimental apparatus shown in Figure 1 was used to evaluate limestone reactivity. Conditions in the reactor approximate conditions in the reaction tank of a limestone scrubbing system. As the limestone dissolves, the pH in the reactor will begin to rise. Therefore, to insure a constant pH in the experimental reactor, a low pH test solution (see Table I) is metered to the reactor. As the low pH feed is added, an equal amount of reactor liquor is also withdrawn to maintain the reactor volume also remains constant (2.5L). In an actual scrubbing system, S02 absorbed from the flue gas will provide enough acidity such that the pH remains approximately constant. 

If a field-collected limestone sample is used, then the following or similar apparatus are needed. ... 

A simultaneous photothermal analysis (PTA) and DTA apparatus has been described by David (50). It was found after examining a large number of inorganic and organic compounds that the two techniques provided complimentary information but that the PTA curves contained features which were not present in the DTA curves. Compounds investigated included limestone, clay, CuS04-5H20, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, and several other polymers. 

Limestone is widely distributed in soils, and in Figure 283 we display the apparatus designed by Humphry Davy to measure its ahundance. Sulfuric acid in B is added dropwise to the soil in vessel A, the carhon dioxide released is carried through C and collected into the balloon in vessel E, which is filled with water, and the volume of expansion is measured in cylinder D. 

FIGURE 283. Humphry Davy s apparatus for measuring the amount of limestone in soil. Sulfuric acid releases one equivalent of CO2 from an equivalent of limestone (CaCOj). The gas fills a balloon, displacing a volume of water that is measured to give the volume of gas generated. (From Davy, Agricultural Chemistry, London, 1813.)... 

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