Photothermal analysis

A simultaneous photothermal analysis (PTA) and DTA apparatus has been described by David (50). It was found after examining a large number of inorganic and organic compounds that the two techniques provided complimentary information but that the PTA curves contained features which were not present in the DTA curves. Compounds investigated included limestone, clay, CuS04-5H20, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, and several other polymers. 

There is not much agreement on the name for this phenomenon. Ashby (136) and others used the term oxylumineseence Barker et al. (139) called it thermochemiluminescence (TCL) David (50) used photothermal analysis (PTA) Wynne and Wendlandt (142) called it light emission (LE) and Stivala (160) called it chemiluminescence (CL). The term employed here will be oxylumineseence (OL) although chemiluminescence would probably be just as appropriate. 

Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods for Chemical Analysis. By Stephen E. Bialkowski Element Speclatlon in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Edited by Sergio Caroli Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry. Edited by John C. Travis and Gregory C. Turk Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy and Microscopy. Edited by Xue Feng Wang and Brian Herman... 

As for silicon, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is the most widely used profiling analysis technique for deuterium diffusion studies in III-V compounds. Deuterium advantageously replaces hydrogen for lowering the detection limit. The investigations of donor and acceptor neutralization effects have been usually performed through electrical measurements, low temperature photoluminescence, photothermal ionization spectroscopy (PTIS) and infrared absorption spectroscopy. These spectroscopic investigations will be treated in a separated part of this chapter. 

Stage I Parallel and quasi-parallel analytical techniques IR thermography Photoacoustic analysis Photothermal deflection... 

Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods for Chemical Analysis. By Stephen E. Bialkowski Element Speciation in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Edited by Sergio Carol ... 

Litcht S (2005) solar water splitting to generate hydrogen fuel- a photothermal electrochemical analysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy 30 459-470... 

Bialkowski, S.E., Editor Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods for Chemical Analysis, John Wiley Sons. Inc., New York, NY, 1995. 

After the introduction, we will briefly discuss the main characteristics of solar radiation. Consistent with the scientific principles on which this book is founded, a rigorous thermodynamic analysis will then follow of the creation of wind energy, of photothermal and photovoltaic energy conversion, and of photosynthesis. Most of this chapter has been based on the monograph Thermodynamics of Solar Energy Conversion by De Vos [1]. 

The term mirage effect has been indistinctly assigned to studies performed by - photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and - probe beam deflection (PBD). However, PDS is based on the analysis of the first term of the last equation, whilst in PBD, essentially the second term is evaluated. 

S. Licht, Solar water splitting to generate hydrogen fuel Photothermal electrochemical analysis, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107 4253-4260 (2002). 

Bohnert B, Faubel W, Ache HJ. 1992. Comparison of collinear and transverse photothermal deflection spectroscopy for trace analysis of pesticides in water. Fresenius J Anal Chem 343 513-517. 

Photothermal dehydrochlorination of PVC as studied by derivative ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence analysis techniques has shown that carbonyl and hydroperoxide groups are more important in the initiation steps than... 

Experimentally, these principles emphasize dynamic measurements that make possible the separation of the dissipative and the conservative components of energy Incident upon the system. Dynamic mechanical analysis has been an Important area of research for over 40 years. Computer-controlled experimentation now makes It possible to apply analogous techniques to the measurement of many other thermodynamic stresses. One example currently under Investigation, dynamic photothermal spectroscopy. Is expected to provide a new approach to predicting the long-term effects of ultraviolet radiation on materials [39]. 

The measurements physical properties afforded by existing forms of micro-thermal analysis can be insufficient to discriminate between different materials. Incorporation of some means of chemical analysis of the specimen is therefore highly desirable. This has been achieved by two processes localised pyrolysis-evolved gas analysis, and near-field photothermal spectroscopy. 

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